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      1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>
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      3   <channel>
      4     <title>Chris Bracken</title>
      5     <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/</link>
      6     <description>Recent content on Chris Bracken</description>
      7     <generator>Hugo -- gohugo.io</generator>
      8     <language>en</language>
      9     <managingEditor>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</managingEditor>
     10     <webMaster>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</webMaster>
     11     <lastBuildDate>Wed, 31 Oct 2018 00:00:00 +0000</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://chris.bracken.jp/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
     12     <item>
     13       <title>Hand-decoding an ELF binary image</title>
     14       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2018/10/decoding-an-elf-binary/</link>
     15       <pubDate>Wed, 31 Oct 2018 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
     16       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
     17       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2018/10/decoding-an-elf-binary/</guid>
     18       <description>&lt;p&gt;While recovering from some dentistry the other day I figured I&amp;rsquo;d have a go at
     19 better understanding the ELF binary format. What better way to do that than to
     20 compile a small program and hand-decode the resulting binary with a hex editor
     21 and whatever ELF format spec I could find.&lt;/p&gt;
     22 &lt;h2 id=&#34;overview&#34;&gt;Overview&lt;/h2&gt;
     23 &lt;p&gt;Below, we&amp;rsquo;ll use &lt;code&gt;nasm&lt;/code&gt; to build a small assembly Hello World program to a
     24 64-bit ELF object file, then link that into an ELF executable with GNU &lt;code&gt;ld&lt;/code&gt;.
     25 Finally, we&amp;rsquo;ll run the resulting object file and binary image through &lt;code&gt;xxd&lt;/code&gt; and
     26 hand-decode the resulting hex.&lt;/p&gt;
     27 &lt;p&gt;The code and instructions below work on FreeBSD 11 on x86_64 hardware. For
     28 other operating systems, hardware, and toolchains, you&amp;rsquo;re on your own! I&amp;rsquo;d
     29 imagine this should all work just fine on Linux. If I get bored one day, I may
     30 redo this for Mach-O binaries on macOS.&lt;/p&gt;
     31 &lt;h2 id=&#34;helloasm&#34;&gt;hello.asm&lt;/h2&gt;
     32 &lt;p&gt;First we&amp;rsquo;ll bang up a minimal Hello World program in assembly. In the &lt;code&gt;.data&lt;/code&gt;
     33 section, we add a null-terminated string, &lt;code&gt;hello&lt;/code&gt;, and its length &lt;code&gt;hbytes&lt;/code&gt;. In
     34 the program text, we set up and execute the &lt;code&gt;write(stdout, hello, hbytes)&lt;/code&gt;
     35 syscall, then set up and execute an &lt;code&gt;exit(0)&lt;/code&gt; syscall.&lt;/p&gt;
     36 &lt;p&gt;Note that 64-bit FreeBSD, macOS, and Linux all use the SysV AMD64 calling
     37 convention. For calls against the kernel interface, the syscall number is
     38 stored in &lt;code&gt;rax&lt;/code&gt; and up to six parameters are passed, in order, in &lt;code&gt;rdi&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;rsi&lt;/code&gt;,
     39 &lt;code&gt;rdx&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;r10&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;r8&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;r9&lt;/code&gt;. For user calls, replace &lt;code&gt;r10&lt;/code&gt; with &lt;code&gt;rcx&lt;/code&gt; in this
     40 list, and pass further arguments on the stack. In all cases, the return value
     41 is passed through &lt;code&gt;rax&lt;/code&gt;.  More details can be found in section A.2.1 of the
     42 &lt;a href=&#34;https://software.intel.com/sites/default/files/article/402129/mpx-linux64-abi.pdf&#34;&gt;System V AMD64 ABI Reference&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
     43 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;; hello.asm
     44 
     45 %define stdin       0
     46 %define stdout      1
     47 %define stderr      2
     48 %define SYS_exit    1
     49 %define SYS_write   4
     50 
     51 %macro  system      1
     52         mov         rax, %1
     53         syscall
     54 %endmacro
     55 
     56 %macro  sys.exit    0
     57         system      SYS_exit
     58 %endmacro
     59 
     60 %macro  sys.write   0
     61         system      SYS_write
     62 %endmacro
     63 
     64 section  .data
     65     hello   db      &#39;Hello, World!&#39;, 0Ah
     66     hbytes  equ     $-hello
     67 
     68 section .text
     69 global  _start
     70 _start:
     71     mov         rdi, stdout
     72     mov         rsi, hello
     73     mov         rdx, hbytes
     74     sys.write
     75 
     76     xor         rdi,rdi
     77     sys.exit
     78 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
     79 &lt;h2 id=&#34;compile-to-object-code&#34;&gt;Compile to object code&lt;/h2&gt;
     80 &lt;p&gt;Next, we&amp;rsquo;ll compile &lt;code&gt;hello.asm&lt;/code&gt; to a 64-bit ELF object file using &lt;code&gt;nasm&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
     81 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;% nasm -f elf64 hello.asm
     82 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
     83 &lt;p&gt;This emits &lt;code&gt;hello.o&lt;/code&gt;, an 880-byte ELF-64 object file. Since we haven&amp;rsquo;t yet run
     84 this through the linker, addresses of global symbols (in this case, &lt;code&gt;hello&lt;/code&gt;)
     85 are not yet known and thus left with address 0x0 placeholders. We can see this
     86 in the &lt;code&gt;movabs&lt;/code&gt; instruction at offset 0x15 of the &lt;code&gt;.text&lt;/code&gt; section below.&lt;/p&gt;
     87 &lt;p&gt;The relocation section (Section 6: &lt;code&gt;.rela.text&lt;/code&gt;) contains an entry for each
     88 symbolic reference that needs to be filled in by the linker. In this case
     89 there&amp;rsquo;s just a single entry for the symbol &lt;code&gt;hello&lt;/code&gt; (which points to our hello
     90 world string). The relocation table entry&amp;rsquo;s &lt;code&gt;r_offset&lt;/code&gt; indicates the address to
     91 replace is at an offset of 0x7 into the section of the associated symbol table
     92 entry. Its &lt;code&gt;r_info&lt;/code&gt; (0x0000000200000001) encodes a relocation type in its lower
     93 4 bytes (0x1: &lt;code&gt;R_AMD64_64&lt;/code&gt;) and the associated symbol table entry in its upper
     94 4 bytes (0x2, which, if we look it up in the symbol table is the &lt;code&gt;.text&lt;/code&gt;
     95 section).  The &lt;code&gt;r_addend&lt;/code&gt; field (0x0) specifies an additional adjustment to the
     96 substituted symbol to be applied at link time; specifically, for the
     97 &lt;code&gt;R_AMD64_64&lt;/code&gt;, the final address is computed as S + A, where S is the
     98 substituted symbol value (in our case, the address of &lt;code&gt;hello&lt;/code&gt;) and A is the
     99 addend (in our case, 0x0).&lt;/p&gt;
    100 &lt;p&gt;Without further ado, let&amp;rsquo;s dump the object file:&lt;/p&gt;
    101 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;% xxd hello.o
    102 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    103 &lt;p&gt;With whatever ELF64 &lt;a href=&#34;https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19120-01/open.solaris/819-0690/index.html&#34;&gt;linker &amp;amp; loader guide&lt;/a&gt; we can find at hand,
    104 let&amp;rsquo;s get decoding this thing:&lt;/p&gt;
    105 &lt;h3 id=&#34;elf-header&#34;&gt;ELF Header&lt;/h3&gt;
    106 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000000: 7f45 4c46 0201 0100 0000 0000 0000 0000|  .ELF............
    107 |00000010: 0100 3e00 0100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ..&amp;gt;.............
    108 |00000020: 0000 0000 0000 0000 4000 0000 0000 0000|  ........@.......
    109 |00000030: 0000 0000 4000 0000 0000 4000 0700 0300|  ....@.....@.....
    110 
    111 e_ident[EI_MAG0..EI_MAG3]  0x7f + ELF          Magic
    112 e_ident[EI_CLASS]          0x02                64-bit
    113 e_ident[EI_DATA]           0x01                Little-endian
    114 e_ident[EI_VERSION]        0x01                ELF v1
    115 e_ident[EI_OSABI]          0x00                System V
    116 e_ident[EI_ABIVERSION]     0x00                Unused
    117 e_ident[EI_PAD]            0x00000000000000    7 bytes unused padding
    118 e_type                     0x0001              ET_REL
    119 e_machine                  0x003e              x86_64
    120 e_version                  0x00000001          Version 1
    121 e_entry                    0x0000000000000000  Entrypoint address (none)
    122 e_phoff                    0x0000000000000000  Program header table offset in image
    123 e_shoff                    0x0000000000000040  Section header table offset in image
    124 e_flags                    0x00000000          Architecture-dependent interpretation
    125 e_ehsize                   0x0040              Size of this ELF header (64B)
    126 e_phentsize                0x0000              Size of program header table entry
    127 e_phnum                    0x0000              Number of program header table entries
    128 e_shentsize                0x0040              Size of section header table entry (64B)
    129 e_shnum                    0x0007              Number of section header table entries
    130 e_shstrndx                 0x0003              Index of section header for .shstrtab
    131 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    132 &lt;h3 id=&#34;section-header-table-entry-0-null&#34;&gt;Section header table: Entry 0 (null)&lt;/h3&gt;
    133 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000040: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    134 |00000050: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    135 |00000060: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    136 |00000070: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    137 
    138 sh_name                    0x00000000          Offset into .shstrtab
    139 sh_type                    0x00000000          SHT_NULL
    140 sh_flags                   0x0000000000000000  Section attributes
    141 sh_addr                    0x0000000000000000  Virtual address of section in memory
    142 sh_offset                  0x0000000000000000  Offset of section in file image
    143 sh_size                    0x0000000000000000  Size in bytes of section in file image
    144 sh_link                    0x00000000          Section index of associated section
    145 sh_info                    0x00000000          Extra info about section
    146 sh_addralign               0x0000000000000000  Alignment
    147 sh_entsize                 0x0000000000000000  Size in bytes of each entry
    148 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    149 &lt;h3 id=&#34;section-header-table-entry-1-data&#34;&gt;Section header table: Entry 1 (.data)&lt;/h3&gt;
    150 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000080: 0100 0000 0100 0000 0300 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    151 |00000090: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0002 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    152 |000000a0: 0e00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    153 |000000b0: 0400 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    154 
    155 sh_name                    0x00000001          Offset into .shstrtab
    156 sh_type                    0x00000001          SHT_PROGBITS
    157 sh_flags                   0x0000000000000003  SHF_WRITE | SHF_ALLOC
    158 sh_addr                    0x0000000000000000  Virtual address of section in memory
    159 sh_offset                  0x0000000000000200  Offset of section in file image
    160 sh_size                    0x000000000000000e  Size in bytes of section in file image
    161 sh_link                    0x00000000          Section index of associated section
    162 sh_info                    0x00000000          Extra info about section
    163 sh_addralign               0x0000000000000004  Alignment
    164 sh_entsize                 0x0000000000000000  Size in bytes of each entry
    165 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    166 &lt;h3 id=&#34;section-header-table-entry-2-text&#34;&gt;Section header table: Entry 2 (.text)&lt;/h3&gt;
    167 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|000000c0: 0700 0000 0100 0000 0600 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    168 |000000d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 1002 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    169 |000000e0: 2500 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  %...............
    170 |000000f0: 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    171 
    172 sh_name                    0x00000007          Offset into .shstrtab
    173 sh_type                    0x00000001          SHT_PROGBITS
    174 sh_flags                   0x0000000000000006  SHF_ALLOC | SHF_EXECINSTR
    175 sh_addr                    0x0000000000000000  Virtual address of section in memory
    176 sh_offset                  0x0000000000000210  Offset of section in file image
    177 sh_size                    0x0000000000000025  Size in bytes of section in file image
    178 sh_link                    0x00000000          Section index of associated section
    179 sh_info                    0x00000000          Extra info about section
    180 sh_addralign               0x0000000000000001  Alignment
    181 sh_entsize                 0x0000000000000000  Size in bytes of each entry
    182 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    183 &lt;h3 id=&#34;section-header-table-entry-3-shstrtab&#34;&gt;Section header table: Entry 3 (.shstrtab)&lt;/h3&gt;
    184 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000100: 0d00 0000 0300 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    185 |00000110: 0000 0000 0000 0000 4002 0000 0000 0000|  ........@.......
    186 |00000120: 3200 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  2...............
    187 |00000130: 0100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    188 
    189 sh_name                    0x0000000d          Offset into .shstrtab
    190 sh_type                    0x00000003          SHT_STRTAB
    191 sh_flags                   0x0000000000000000  Section attributes
    192 sh_addr                    0x0000000000000000  Virtual address of section in memory
    193 sh_offset                  0x0000000000000240  Offset of section in file image
    194 sh_size                    0x0000000000000032  Size in bytes of section in file image
    195 sh_link                    0x00000000          Section index of associated section
    196 sh_info                    0x00000000          Extra info about section
    197 sh_addralign               0x0000000000000001  Alignment
    198 sh_entsize                 0x0000000000000000  Size in bytes of each entry
    199 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    200 &lt;h3 id=&#34;section-header-table-entry-4-symtab&#34;&gt;Section header table: Entry 4 (.symtab)&lt;/h3&gt;
    201 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000140: 1700 0000 0200 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    202 |00000150: 0000 0000 0000 0000 8002 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    203 |00000160: a800 0000 0000 0000 0500 0000 0600 0000|  ................
    204 |00000170: 0800 0000 0000 0000 1800 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    205 
    206 sh_name                    0x00000017          Offset into .shstrtab
    207 sh_type                    0x00000002          SHT_SYMTAB
    208 sh_flags                   0x0000000000000000  Section attributes
    209 sh_addr                    0x0000000000000000  Virtual address of section in memory
    210 sh_offset                  0x0000000000000280  Offset of section in file image
    211 sh_size                    0x00000000000000a8  Size in bytes of section in file image
    212 sh_link                    0x00000005          Section index of associated section
    213 sh_info                    0x00000006          Extra info about section
    214 sh_addralign               0x0000000000000008  Alignment
    215 sh_entsize                 0x0000000000000018  Size in bytes of each entry
    216 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    217 &lt;h3 id=&#34;section-header-table-entry-5-strtab&#34;&gt;Section header table: Entry 5 (.strtab)&lt;/h3&gt;
    218 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000180: 1f00 0000 0300 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    219 |00000190: 0000 0000 0000 0000 3003 0000 0000 0000|  ........0.......
    220 |000001a0: 1f00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    221 |000001b0: 0100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    222 
    223 sh_name                    0x0000001f          Offset into .shstrtab
    224 sh_type                    0x00000003          SHT_STRTAB
    225 sh_flags                   0x0000000000000000  Section attributes
    226 sh_addr                    0x0000000000000000  Virtual address of section in memory
    227 sh_offset                  0x0000000000000330  Offset of section in file image
    228 sh_size                    0x000000000000001f  Size in bytes of section in file image
    229 sh_link                    0x00000000          Section index of associated section
    230 sh_info                    0x00000000          Extra info about section
    231 sh_addralign               0x0000000000000001  Alignment
    232 sh_entsize                 0x0000000000000000  Size in bytes of each entry
    233 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    234 &lt;h3 id=&#34;section-header-table-entry-6-relatext&#34;&gt;Section header table: Entry 6 (.rela.text)&lt;/h3&gt;
    235 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|000001c0: 2700 0000 0400 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  &#39;...............
    236 |000001d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 5003 0000 0000 0000|  ........P.......
    237 |000001e0: 1800 0000 0000 0000 0400 0000 0200 0000|  ................
    238 |000001f0: 0800 0000 0000 0000 1800 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    239 
    240 sh_name                    0x00000027          Offset into .shstrtab
    241 sh_type                    0x00000004          SHT_RELA
    242 sh_flags                   0x0000000000000000  Section attributes
    243 sh_addr                    0x0000000000000000  Virtual address of section in memory
    244 sh_offset                  0x0000000000000350  Offset of section in file image
    245 sh_size                    0x0000000000000018  Size in bytes of section in file image
    246 sh_link                    0x00000004          Section index of associated section
    247 sh_info                    0x00000002          Extra info about section
    248 sh_addralign               0x0000000000000008  Alignment
    249 sh_entsize                 0x0000000000000018  Size in bytes of each entry
    250 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    251 &lt;h3 id=&#34;section-1-data-sht_progbits-shf_write--shf_alloc&#34;&gt;Section 1: .data (SHT_PROGBITS; SHF_WRITE | SHF_ALLOC)&lt;/h3&gt;
    252 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000200: 4865 6c6c 6f2c 2057 6f72 6c64 210a 0000|  Hello, World!...
    253 
    254 0x000000  &#39;Hello, World!\n&#39;
    255 Zero-padding (2 bytes starting at 0x20e)
    256 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    257 &lt;h3 id=&#34;section-2-text-sht_progbits-shf_alloc--shf_execinstr&#34;&gt;Section 2: .text (SHT_PROGBITS; SHF_ALLOC | SHF_EXECINSTR)&lt;/h3&gt;
    258 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000210: bf01 0000 0048 be00 0000 0000 0000 00ba|  .....H..........
    259 |00000220: 0e00 0000 b804 0000 000f 0548 31ff b801|  ...........H1...
    260 |00000230: 0000 000f 0500 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    261 
    262 0x00000010  mov       edi, 0x1
    263 0x00000015  movabs    rsi, 0x000000 (placeholder for db hello)
    264 0x0000001f  mov       edx, 0xe
    265 0x00000024  mov       eax, 0x4
    266 0x00400029  syscall
    267 0x0040002b  xor       rdi, rdi
    268 0x0040002e  mov       eax, 0x1
    269 0x00400033  syscall
    270 Zero-padding (11 bytes starting at 0x235)
    271 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    272 &lt;h3 id=&#34;section-3-shstrtab-sht_strtab&#34;&gt;Section 3: .shstrtab (SHT_STRTAB;)&lt;/h3&gt;
    273 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000240: 002e 6461 7461 002e 7465 7874 002e 7368|  ..data..text..sh
    274 |00000250: 7374 7274 6162 002e 7379 6d74 6162 002e|  strtab..symtab..
    275 |00000260: 7374 7274 6162 002e 7265 6c61 2e74 6578|  strtab..rela.tex
    276 |00000270: 7400 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  t...............
    277 
    278 0x00000000: &#39;&#39;
    279 0x00000001: &#39;.data&#39;
    280 0x00000007: &#39;.text&#39;
    281 0x0000000d: &#39;.shstrtab&#39;
    282 0x00000017: &#39;.symtab&#39;
    283 0x0000001f: &#39;.strtab&#39;
    284 0x00000027: &#39;.rela.text&#39;
    285 Zero-padding (14 bytes starting at 0x272)
    286 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    287 &lt;h3 id=&#34;section-4-symtab-sht_symtab&#34;&gt;Section 4: .symtab&amp;rsquo; (SHT_SYMTAB;)&lt;/h3&gt;
    288 &lt;h4 id=&#34;symbol-table-entry-0&#34;&gt;Symbol table entry 0&lt;/h4&gt;
    289 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000280: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    290 |00000290: 0000 0000 0000 0000                    |  ........
    291 
    292 st_name                    0x00000000
    293 st_info                    0x00
    294 st_other                   0x00
    295 st_shndx                   0x0000 (SHN_UNDEF)
    296 st_value                   0x0000000000000000
    297 st_size                    0x0000000000000000
    298 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    299 &lt;h4 id=&#34;symbol-table-entry-1-helloasm&#34;&gt;Symbol table entry 1 (hello.asm)&lt;/h4&gt;
    300 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000298:                     0100 0000 0400 f1ff|          ........
    301 |000002a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    302 
    303 st_name                    0x00000001
    304 st_info                    0x04 (STT_FILE)
    305 st_other                   0x00
    306 st_shndx                   0xfff1 (SHN_ABS)
    307 st_value                   0x0000000000000000
    308 st_size                    0x0000000000000000
    309 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    310 &lt;h4 id=&#34;symbol-table-entry-2&#34;&gt;Symbol table entry 2&lt;/h4&gt;
    311 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|000002b0: 0000 0000 0300 0100 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    312 |000002c0: 0000 0000 0000 0000                    |  ........
    313 
    314 st_name                    0x00000000
    315 st_info                    0x03 (STT_OBJECT | STT_FUNC)
    316 st_other                   0x00
    317 st_shndx                   0x0001 (Section 1: .data)
    318 st_value                   0x0000000000000000
    319 st_size                    0x0000000000000000
    320 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    321 &lt;h4 id=&#34;symbol-table-entry-3&#34;&gt;Symbol table entry 3&lt;/h4&gt;
    322 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|000002c8:                     0000 0000 0300 0200|          ........
    323 |000002d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    324 
    325 st_name                    0x00000000
    326 st_info                    0x03 (STT_OBJECT | STT_FUNC)
    327 st_other                   0x00
    328 st_shndx                   0x0002 (Section 2: .text)
    329 st_value                   0x0000000000000000
    330 st_size                    0x0000000000000000
    331 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    332 &lt;h4 id=&#34;symbol-table-entry-4-hello&#34;&gt;Symbol table entry 4 (hello)&lt;/h4&gt;
    333 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|000002e0: 0b00 0000 0000 0100 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    334 |000002f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000                    |  ........
    335 
    336 st_name                    0x0000000b
    337 st_info                    0x00
    338 st_other                   0x00
    339 st_shndx                   0x0001 (Section 1: .data)
    340 st_value                   0x0000000000000000
    341 st_size                    0x0000000000000000
    342 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    343 &lt;h3 id=&#34;symbol-table-entry-5-hbytes&#34;&gt;Symbol table entry 5 (hbytes)&lt;/h3&gt;
    344 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|000002f8:                     1100 0000 0000 f1ff|          ........
    345 |00000300: 0e00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    346 
    347 st_name                    0x00000011
    348 st_info                    0x00
    349 st_other                   0x00
    350 st_shndx                   0xfff1 (SHN_ABS)
    351 st_value                   0x000000000000000e
    352 st_size                    0x0000000000000000
    353 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    354 &lt;h4 id=&#34;symbol-table-entry-6-_start&#34;&gt;Symbol table entry 6 (_start)&lt;/h4&gt;
    355 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000310: 1800 0000 1000 0200 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    356 |00000320: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    357 
    358 st_name                    0x00000018
    359 st_info                    0x01 (STT_OBJECT)
    360 st_other                   0x00
    361 st_shndx                   0x0002 (Section 2: .text)
    362 st_value                   0x0000000000000000
    363 st_size                    0x0000000000000000
    364 Zero-padding (8 bytes starting at 0x328)
    365 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    366 &lt;h3 id=&#34;section-5-strtab-sht_strtab&#34;&gt;Section 5: .strtab (SHT_STRTAB;)&lt;/h3&gt;
    367 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000330: 0068 656c 6c6f 2e61 736d 0068 656c 6c6f|  .hello.asm.hello
    368 |00000340: 0068 6279 7465 7300 5f73 7461 7274 0000|  .hbytes._start..
    369 
    370 0x00000000: &#39;&#39;
    371 0x00000001: &#39;hello.asm&#39;
    372 0x0000000b: &#39;hello&#39;
    373 0x00000011: &#39;hbytes&#39;
    374 0x00000018: &#39;_start&#39;
    375 Zero-padding (1 byte starting at 0x34f)
    376 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    377 &lt;h3 id=&#34;section-6-relatext-sht_rela&#34;&gt;Section 6: .rela.text (SHT_RELA;)&lt;/h3&gt;
    378 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000350: 0700 0000 0000 0000 0100 0000 0200 0000|  ................
    379 |00000360: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    380 
    381 r_offset                   0x0000000000000007
    382 r_info                     0x0000000200000001 (Symbol table entry 2, type R_AMD64_64)
    383 r_addend                   0x0000000000000000
    384 Zero-padding (8 bytes starting at 0x368)
    385 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    386 &lt;h2 id=&#34;link-to-executable-image&#34;&gt;Link to executable image&lt;/h2&gt;
    387 &lt;p&gt;Next, let&amp;rsquo;s link &lt;code&gt;hello.o&lt;/code&gt; into a 64-bit ELF executable:&lt;/p&gt;
    388 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;% ld -o hello hello.o
    389 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    390 &lt;p&gt;This emits &lt;code&gt;hello&lt;/code&gt;, a 951-byte ELF-64 executable image.&lt;/p&gt;
    391 &lt;p&gt;Since the linker has decided which segment each section maps into (if any) and
    392 what the segment addresses are, addresses are now known for all (statically
    393 linked) symbols, and address 0x0 placeholders have been replaced with actual
    394 addresses. We can see this in the &lt;code&gt;mov&lt;/code&gt; instruction at address 0x4000b5, which
    395 now specifies an address of 0x6000d8.&lt;/p&gt;
    396 &lt;p&gt;Running the linked executable image through &lt;code&gt;xxd&lt;/code&gt; as above and picking our
    397 trusty linker &amp;amp; loader guide back up, here we go again:&lt;/p&gt;
    398 &lt;h3 id=&#34;elf-header-1&#34;&gt;ELF Header&lt;/h3&gt;
    399 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000000: 7f45 4c46 0201 0109 0000 0000 0000 0000|  .ELF............
    400 |00000010: 0200 3e00 0100 0000 b000 4000 0000 0000|  ..&amp;gt;.......@.....
    401 |00000020: 4000 0000 0000 0000 1001 0000 0000 0000|  @...............
    402 |00000030: 0000 0000 4000 3800 0200 4000 0600 0300|  ....@.8...@.....
    403 
    404 e_ident[EI_MAG0..EI_MAG3]  0x7f + ELF          Magic
    405 e_ident[EI_CLASS]          0x02                64-bit
    406 e_ident[EI_DATA]           0x01                Little-endian
    407 e_ident[EI_VERSION]        0x01                ELF v1
    408 e_ident[EI_OSABI]          0x09                FreeBSD
    409 e_ident[EI_ABIVERSION]     0x00                Unused
    410 e_ident[EI_PAD]            0x0000000000        7 bytes unused padding
    411 e_type                     0x0002              ET_EXEC
    412 e_machine                  0x003e              x86_64
    413 e_version                  0x00000001          Version 1
    414 e_entry                    0x00000000004000b0  Entrypoint addr
    415 e_phoff                    0x0000000000000040  Program header table offset in image
    416 e_shoff                    0x0000000000000110  Section header table offset in image
    417 e_flags                    0x00000000          Architecture-dependent interpretation
    418 e_ehsize                   0x0040              Size of this ELF header
    419 e_phentsize                0x0038              Size of program header table entry
    420 e_phnum                    0x0002              Number of program header table entries
    421 e_shentsize                0x0040              Size of section header table entry
    422 e_shnum                    0x0006              Number of section header table entries
    423 e_shstrndx                 0x0003              Index of section header for .shstrtab
    424 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    425 &lt;h3 id=&#34;program-header-table-entry-0-pf_x--pf_r&#34;&gt;Program header table: Entry 0 (PF_X | PF_R)&lt;/h3&gt;
    426 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000040: 0100 0000 0500 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    427 |00000050: 0000 4000 0000 0000 0000 4000 0000 0000|  ..@.......@.....
    428 |00000060: d500 0000 0000 0000 d500 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    429 |00000070: 0000 2000 0000 0000                    |  .. .............
    430 
    431 p_type                     0x00000001          PT_LOAD
    432 p_flags                    0x00000005          PF_X | PF_R
    433 p_offset                   0x00000000          Offset of segment in file image
    434 p_vaddr                    0x0000000000400000  Virtual address of segment in memory
    435 p_paddr                    0x0000000000400000  Physical address of segment
    436 p_filesz                   0x00000000000000d5  Size in bytes of segment in file image
    437 p_memsz                    0x00000000000000d5  Size in bytes of segment in memory
    438 p_align                    0x0000000000200000  Alignment (2MB)
    439 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    440 &lt;h3 id=&#34;program-header-table-entry-1-pf_w--pf_r&#34;&gt;Program header table: Entry 1 (PF_W | PF_R)&lt;/h3&gt;
    441 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000078:                     0100 0000 0600 0000|          ........
    442 |00000080: d800 0000 0000 0000 d800 6000 0000 0000|  ..........`.....
    443 |00000090: d800 6000 0000 0000 0e00 0000 0000 0000|  ..`.............
    444 |000000a0: 0e00 0000 0000 0000 0000 2000 0000 0000|  .......... .....
    445 
    446 p_type                     0x00000001          PT_LOAD
    447 p_flags                    0x00000006          PF_W | PF_R
    448 p_offset                   0x00000000000000d8  Offset of segment in file image
    449 p_vaddr                    0x00000000006000d8  Virtual address of segment in memory
    450 p_paddr                    0x00000000006000d8  Physical address of segment
    451 p_filesz                   0x000000000000000e  Size in bytes of segment in file image
    452 p_memsz                    0x000000000000000e  Size in bytes of segment in memory
    453 p_align                    0x0000000000200000  Alignment (2MB)
    454 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    455 &lt;h3 id=&#34;section-1-text-sht_progbits-shf_alloc--shf_execinstr&#34;&gt;Section 1: .text (SHT_PROGBITS; SHF_ALLOC | SHF_EXECINSTR)&lt;/h3&gt;
    456 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|000000b0: bf01 0000 0048 bed8 0060 0000 0000 00ba|  .....H...`......
    457 |000000c0: 0e00 0000 b804 0000 000f 0548 31ff b801|  ...........H1...
    458 |000000d0: 0000 000f 05                           |  .....
    459 
    460 0x4000b0  mov       edi, 0x1
    461 0x4000b5  movabs    rsi, 0x6000d8
    462 0x4000bf  mov       edx, 0xe
    463 0x4000c4  mov       eax, 0x4
    464 0x4000c9  syscall
    465 0x4000cb  xor       rdi, rdi
    466 0x4000ce  mov       eax, 0x1
    467 0x4000d3  syscall
    468 Zero-padding (5 bytes starting at 0x000000d5)
    469 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    470 &lt;h3 id=&#34;section-2-data-sht_progbits-shf_write--shf_alloc&#34;&gt;Section 2: .data (SHT_PROGBITS; SHF_WRITE | SHF_ALLOC)&lt;/h3&gt;
    471 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|000000d8:                     4865 6c6c 6f2c 2057|          Hello, W
    472 |000000e0: 6f72 6c64 210a                         |  orld!.
    473 
    474 0x6000d8  &#39;Hello, World!\n&#39;
    475 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    476 &lt;h3 id=&#34;section-3-shstrtab-sht_strtab-1&#34;&gt;Section 3: .shstrtab (SHT_STRTAB;)&lt;/h3&gt;
    477 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|000000e6:                002e 7379 6d74 6162 002e|        ..symtab..
    478 |000000f0: 7374 7274 6162 002e 7368 7374 7274 6162|  strtab..shstrtab
    479 |00000100: 002e 7465 7874 002e 6461 7461 0000 0000|  ..text..data.
    480 
    481 0x00000000: &#39;&#39;
    482 0x00000001: &#39;.symtab&#39;
    483 0x00000009: &#39;.strtab&#39;
    484 0x00000011: &#39;.shstrtab&#39;
    485 0x0000001b: &#39;.text&#39;
    486 0x00000021: &#39;.data&#39;
    487 Zero-padding (3 bytes starting at 0x0000010d)
    488 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    489 &lt;h3 id=&#34;section-header-table-entry-0-null-1&#34;&gt;Section header table: Entry 0 (null)&lt;/h3&gt;
    490 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000110: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    491 |00000120: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    492 |00000130: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    493 |00000140: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    494 
    495 sh_name                    0x00000000          Offset into .shstrtab
    496 sh_type                    0x00000000          SHT_NULL
    497 sh_flags                   0x0000000000000000  Section attributes
    498 sh_addr                    0x0000000000000000  Virtual address of section in memory
    499 sh_offset                  0x0000000000000000  Offset of section in file image
    500 sh_size                    0x0000000000000000  Size in bytes of section in file image
    501 sh_link                    0x00000000          Section index of associated section
    502 sh_info                    0x00000000          Extra info about section
    503 sh_addralign               0x0000000000000000  Alignment
    504 sh_entsize                 0x0000000000000000  Size in bytes of each entry
    505 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    506 &lt;h3 id=&#34;section-header-table-entry-1-text&#34;&gt;Section header table: Entry 1 (.text)&lt;/h3&gt;
    507 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000150: 1b00 0000 0100 0000 0600 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    508 |00000160: b000 4000 0000 0000 b000 0000 0000 0000|  ..@.............
    509 |00000170: 2500 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  %...............
    510 |00000180: 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    511 
    512 sh_name                    0x0000001b          Offset into .shstrtab
    513 sh_type                    0x00000001          SHT_PROGBITS
    514 sh_flags                   0x00000006          SHF_ALLOC | SHF_EXECINSTR
    515 sh_addr                    0x00000000004000b0  Virtual address of section in memory
    516 sh_offset                  0x00000000000000b0  Offset of section in file image
    517 sh_size                    0x0000000000000025  Size in bytes of section in file image
    518 sh_link                    0x00000000          Section index of associated section
    519 sh_info                    0x00000000          Extra info about section
    520 sh_addralign               0x0000000000000010  Alignment (2B)
    521 sh_entsize                 0x0000000000000000  Size in bytes of each entry
    522 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    523 &lt;h3 id=&#34;section-header-table-entry-2-data&#34;&gt;Section header table: Entry 2 (.data)&lt;/h3&gt;
    524 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000190: 2100 0000 0100 0000 0300 0000 0000 0000|  !...............
    525 |000001a0: d800 6000 0000 0000 d800 0000 0000 0000|  ..`.............
    526 |000001b0: 0e00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    527 |000001c0: 0400 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    528 
    529 sh_name                    0x00000021          Offset into .shstrtab
    530 sh_type                    0x00000001          SHT_PROGBITS
    531 sh_flags                   0x0000000000000003  SHF_WRITE | SHF_ALLOC
    532 sh_addr                    0x00000000006000d8  Virtual address of section in memory
    533 sh_offset                  0x00000000000000d8  Offset of section in file image
    534 sh_size                    0x000000000000000e  Size in bytes of section in file image
    535 sh_link                    0x00000000          Section index of associated section
    536 sh_info                    0x00000000          Extra info about section
    537 sh_addralign               0x0000000000000004  Alignment (4B)
    538 sh_entsize                 0x0000000000000000  Size in bytes of each entry
    539 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    540 &lt;h3 id=&#34;section-header-table-entry-3-shstrtab-1&#34;&gt;Section header table: Entry 3 (.shstrtab)&lt;/h3&gt;
    541 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|000001d0: 1100 0000 0300 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    542 |000001e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 e600 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    543 |000001f0: 2700 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  &#39;...............
    544 |00000200: 0100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    545 
    546 sh_name                    0x00000011          Offset into .shstrtab
    547 sh_type                    0x00000003          SHT_STRTAB
    548 sh_flags                   0x00000000          No flags
    549 sh_addr                    0x0000000000000000  Virtual address of section in memory
    550 sh_offset                  0x00000000000000e6  Offset of section in file image
    551 sh_size                    0x0000000000000027  Size in bytes of section in file image
    552 sh_link                    0x00000000          Section index of associated section
    553 sh_info                    0x00000000          Extra info about section
    554 sh_addralign               0x0000000000000001  Alignment (1B)
    555 sh_entsize                 0x0000000000000000  Size in bytes of each entry
    556 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    557 &lt;h3 id=&#34;section-header-table-entry-4-symtab-1&#34;&gt;Section header table: Entry 4 (.symtab)&lt;/h3&gt;
    558 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000210: 0100 0000 0200 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    559 |00000220: 0000 0000 0000 0000 9002 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    560 |00000230: f000 0000 0000 0000 0500 0000 0600 0000|  ................
    561 |00000240: 0800 0000 0000 0000 1800 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    562 
    563 sh_name                    0x00000001          Offset into .shstrtab
    564 sh_type                    0x00000002          SHT_SYMTAB
    565 sh_flags                   0x00000000          No flags
    566 sh_addr                    0x0000000000000000  Virtual address of section in memory
    567 sh_offset                  0x0000000000000290  Offset of section in file image
    568 sh_size                    0x00000000000000f0  Size in bytes of section in file image
    569 sh_link                    0x00000005          Section index of associated section
    570 sh_info                    0x00000006          Flags
    571 sh_addralign               0x0000000000000008  Alignment (8B)
    572 sh_entsize                 0x0000000000000018  Size in bytes of each entry (24B)
    573 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    574 &lt;h3 id=&#34;section-header-table-entry-5-strtab-1&#34;&gt;Section header table: Entry 5 (.strtab)&lt;/h3&gt;
    575 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000250: 0900 0000 0300 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    576 |00000260: 0000 0000 0000 0000 8003 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    577 |00000270: 3700 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  7...............
    578 |00000280: 0100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    579 
    580 sh_name                    0x00000009          Offset into .shstrtab
    581 sh_type                    0x00000003          SHT_STRTAB
    582 sh_flags                   0x0000000000000000  No flags
    583 sh_addr                    0x0000000000000000  Virtual address of section in memory
    584 sh_offset                  0x0000000000000380  Offset of section in file image
    585 sh_size                    0x0000000000000037  Size in bytes of section in file image
    586 sh_link                    0x00000000          Section index of associated section
    587 sh_info                    0x00000000          Extrac info about section
    588 sh_addralign               0x0000000000000001  Alignment (1B)
    589 sh_entsize                 0x0000000000000000  Size in bytes of each entry
    590 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    591 &lt;h3 id=&#34;section-4-symtab-sht_symtab-1&#34;&gt;Section 4: .symtab (SHT_SYMTAB;)&lt;/h3&gt;
    592 &lt;h4 id=&#34;symbol-table-entry-0-1&#34;&gt;Symbol table entry 0&lt;/h4&gt;
    593 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000290: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    594 |000002a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000                    |  ........
    595 
    596 st_name                    0x00000000
    597 st_info                    0x00
    598 st_other                   0x00
    599 st_shndx                   0x0000 (SHN_UNDEF)
    600 st_value                   0x0000000000000000
    601 st_size                    0x0000000000000000
    602 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    603 &lt;h4 id=&#34;symbol-table-entry-1&#34;&gt;Symbol table entry 1&lt;/h4&gt;
    604 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|000002a8:                     0000 0000 0300 0100|          ........
    605 |000002b0: b000 4000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ..@.............
    606 
    607 st_name                    0x00000000
    608 st_info                    0x03 (STT_OBJECT | STT_FUNC)
    609 st_other                   0x00
    610 st_shndx                   0x0001 (Section 1: .text)
    611 st_value                   0x00000000004000b0
    612 st_size                    0x0000000000000000
    613 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    614 &lt;h4 id=&#34;symbol-table-entry-2-1&#34;&gt;Symbol table entry 2&lt;/h4&gt;
    615 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|000002c0: 0000 0000 0300 0200 d800 6000 0000 0000|  ..........`.....
    616 |000002d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000                    |  ........
    617 
    618 st_name                    0x00000000
    619 st_info                    0x03 (STT_OBJECT | STT_FUNC)
    620 st_other                   0x00
    621 st_shndx                   0x0002 (Section 2: .data)
    622 st_value                   0x00000000006000d8
    623 st_size                    0x0000000000000000
    624 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    625 &lt;h4 id=&#34;symbol-table-entry-3-helloasm&#34;&gt;Symbol table entry 3 (hello.asm)&lt;/h4&gt;
    626 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|000002d0:                     0100 0000 0400 f1ff|          ........
    627 |000002e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    628 
    629 st_name                    0x00000001
    630 st_info                    0x04 (STT_FILE)
    631 st_other                   0x00
    632 st_shndx                   0xfff1 (SHN_ABS)
    633 st_value                   0x0000000000000000
    634 st_size                    0x0000000000000000
    635 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    636 &lt;h4 id=&#34;symbol-table-entry-4-hello-1&#34;&gt;Symbol table entry 4 (hello)&lt;/h4&gt;
    637 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|000002f0: 0b00 0000 0000 0200 d800 6000 0000 0000|  ..........`.....
    638 |00000300: 0000 0000 0000 0000                    |  ................
    639 
    640 st_name                    0x0000000b
    641 st_info                    0x00
    642 st_other                   0x00
    643 st_shndx                   0x0002 (Section 2: .data)
    644 st_value                   0x00000000006000d8
    645 st_size                    0x0000000000000000
    646 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    647 &lt;h4 id=&#34;symbol-table-entry-5-hbytes-1&#34;&gt;Symbol table entry 5 (hbytes)&lt;/h4&gt;
    648 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000300:                     1100 0000 0000 f1ff|          ........
    649 |00000310: 0e00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ................
    650 
    651 st_name                    0x00000011
    652 st_info                    0x00
    653 st_other                   0x00
    654 st_shndx                   0xfff1 (SHN_ABS)
    655 st_value                   0x000000000000000e
    656 st_size                    0x0000000000000000
    657 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    658 &lt;h4 id=&#34;symbol-table-entry-6-_start-1&#34;&gt;Symbol table entry 6 (_start)&lt;/h4&gt;
    659 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000320: 1800 0000 1000 0100 b000 4000 0000 0000|  ..........@.....
    660 |00000330: 0000 0000 0000 0000                    |  ........
    661 
    662 st_name                    0x00000018
    663 st_info                    0x10 (STB_GLOBAL)
    664 st_other                   0x00
    665 st_shndx                   0x0001 (Section 1: .text)
    666 st_value                   0x00000000004000b0
    667 st_size                    0x0000000000000000
    668 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    669 &lt;h4 id=&#34;symbol-table-entry-7-__bss_start&#34;&gt;Symbol table entry 7 (__bss_start)&lt;/h4&gt;
    670 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000330:                     1f00 0000 1000 f1ff|          ........
    671 |00000340: e600 6000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ..`.............
    672 
    673 st_name                    0x0000001f
    674 st_info                    0x10 (STB_GLOBAL)
    675 st_other                   0x00
    676 st_shndx                   0xfff1 (SHN_ABS)
    677 st_value                   0x00000000006000e6
    678 st_size                    0x0000000000000000
    679 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    680 &lt;h4 id=&#34;symbol-table-entry-8-_edata&#34;&gt;Symbol table entry 8 (_edata)&lt;/h4&gt;
    681 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000350: 2b00 0000 1000 f1ff e600 6000 0000 0000|  +.........`.....
    682 |00000360: 0000 0000 0000 0000                    |  ........
    683 
    684 st_name                    0x0000002b
    685 st_info                    0x10 (STB_GLOBAL)
    686 st_other                   0x00
    687 st_shndx                   0xfff1 (SHN_ABS)
    688 st_value                   0x00000000006000e6
    689 st_size                    0x0000000000000000
    690 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    691 &lt;h4 id=&#34;symbol-table-entry-9-_end&#34;&gt;Symbol table entry 9 (_end)&lt;/h4&gt;
    692 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000360:                     3200 0000 1000 f1ff|          2.......
    693 |00000370: e800 6000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000|  ..`.............
    694 
    695 st_name                    0x00000032
    696 st_info                    0x10 (STB_GLOBAL)
    697 st_other                   0x00
    698 st_shndx                   0xfff1 (SHN_ABS)
    699 st_value                   0x00000000006000e8
    700 st_size                    0x0000000000000000
    701 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    702 &lt;h3 id=&#34;section-6-strtab-sht_strtab&#34;&gt;Section 6: .strtab (SHT_STRTAB;)&lt;/h3&gt;
    703 &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;|00000380: 0068 656c 6c6f 2e61 736d 0068 656c 6c6f|  .hello.asm.hello
    704 |00000390: 0068 6279 7465 7300 5f73 7461 7274 005f|  .hbytes._start._
    705 |000003a0: 5f62 7373 5f73 7461 7274 005f 6564 6174|  _bss_start._edat
    706 |000003b0: 6100 5f65 6e64 00                      |  a._end.
    707 
    708 0x00000000: &#39;&#39;
    709 0x00000001: &#39;hello.asm&#39;
    710 0x0000000b: &#39;hello&#39;
    711 0x00000011: &#39;hbytes&#39;
    712 0x00000018: &#39;_start&#39;
    713 0x0000001f: &#39;__bss_start&#39;
    714 0x0000002b: &#39;_edata&#39;
    715 0x00000032: &#39;_end&#39;
    716 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    717 &lt;h2 id=&#34;effect-of-stripping&#34;&gt;Effect of stripping&lt;/h2&gt;
    718 &lt;p&gt;Running &lt;code&gt;strip&lt;/code&gt; on the binary has the effect of dropping the &lt;code&gt;.symtab&lt;/code&gt; and
    719 &lt;code&gt;.strtab&lt;/code&gt; sections along with their section headers and 16 bytes of data (the
    720 section names &lt;code&gt;.symtab&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;.strtab&lt;/code&gt;) from the &lt;code&gt;.shstrtab&lt;/code&gt; section, reducing the
    721 total binary size to 512 bytes.&lt;/p&gt;
    722 &lt;h2 id=&#34;in-memory-process-image&#34;&gt;In-memory process image&lt;/h2&gt;
    723 &lt;p&gt;FreeBSD uses a memory superpage size of 2MB (page size of 4kB) on x86_64. Since
    724 attributes are set at the page level, read+execute program &lt;code&gt;.text&lt;/code&gt; and
    725 read+write &lt;code&gt;.data&lt;/code&gt; are loaded into two separate segments on separate pages, as
    726 laid-out by the linker.&lt;/p&gt;
    727 &lt;p&gt;On launch, the kernel maps the binary image into memory as specified in the
    728 program header table:&lt;/p&gt;
    729 &lt;ul&gt;
    730 &lt;li&gt;PHT Entry 0: The ELF header, program header table, and Section 1 (&lt;code&gt;.text&lt;/code&gt;)
    731 are mapped from offset 0x00 of the binary image (with length 0xd6 bytes)
    732 into Segment 1 (readable, executable) at address 0x400000.&lt;/li&gt;
    733 &lt;li&gt;PHT Entry 1: Section 2 (&lt;code&gt;.data&lt;/code&gt;) at offset 0xd8 of the binary image is
    734 mapped into Segment 2 (readable, writeable) at address 0x6000d8 from offset
    735 0xd8 with length 0x0e bytes.&lt;/li&gt;
    736 &lt;/ul&gt;
    737 &lt;p&gt;The program entrypoint is specified to be 0x4000b0, the start of the &lt;code&gt;.text&lt;/code&gt;
    738 section.&lt;/p&gt;
    739 &lt;p&gt;And that&amp;rsquo;s it! Any corrections or comments are always welcome. Shoot me an
    740 email at &lt;a href=&#34;mailto:chris@bracken.jp&#34;&gt;chris@bracken.jp&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
    741 </description>
    742     </item>
    743     
    744     <item>
    745       <title>Moving to the US: Importing a Canadian Vehicle</title>
    746       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2011/05/moving-to-us-letter-of-compliance/</link>
    747       <pubDate>Tue, 10 May 2011 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
    748       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
    749       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2011/05/moving-to-us-letter-of-compliance/</guid>
    750       <description>&lt;p&gt;A big difference between the last time I moved to the US and this time is that
    751 this time, I&amp;rsquo;ve got a lot more stuff. One of those things is a Nissan Rogue
    752 that&amp;rsquo;s been quietly living its life in Canada. Faced with the prospect of
    753 selling the car and buying a new one, I chose instead to import the one I know
    754 and love.  Here is my story.  But be forewarned, it is not for the faint of
    755 heart.&lt;/p&gt;
    756 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2011-05-10-futile.jpg&#34;
    757     alt=&#34;Scrawny kid vs sumo wrestler&#34;&gt;
    758 &lt;/figure&gt;
    759 
    760 &lt;p&gt;To import a vehicle to the US from Canada, you need to undertake a series of
    761 quests. These are detailed on the &lt;a href=&#34;http://stnw.nhtsa.gov/cars/rules/import/&#34;&gt;NHTSA website&lt;/a&gt; under the heading
    762 &lt;em&gt;Vehicle Importation Guidelines (Canadian)&lt;/em&gt;. As of May 2011, you need the
    763 following items in increasing order of difficulty:&lt;/p&gt;
    764 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;[easy]&lt;/strong&gt; The following information about your car:&lt;/p&gt;
    765 &lt;ol&gt;
    766 &lt;li&gt;VIN&lt;/li&gt;
    767 &lt;li&gt;Make/Model/Year&lt;/li&gt;
    768 &lt;li&gt;Month/Year of manufacture&lt;/li&gt;
    769 &lt;li&gt;Registration &amp;amp; ownership information&lt;/li&gt;
    770 &lt;/ol&gt;
    771 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;[easy]&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&#34;http://www.epa.gov/oms/imports/&#34;&gt;EPA Form 3520-1&lt;/a&gt;. You will likely be importing your
    772 vehicle under &lt;em&gt;code EE: identical in all material respects to a US certified
    773 version&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
    774 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;[easy]&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&#34;http://www.nhtsa.gov/cars/rules/import/&#34;&gt;NHTSA Form HS-7&lt;/a&gt;. You will most likely be importing your
    775 vehicle under box 2B, for vehicles that complied with Canadian CMVSA
    776 regulations at their time of manufacture and where the manufacturer attests
    777 that, with a few exceptions, it meets US regulations; see final item.&lt;/p&gt;
    778 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;[medium]&lt;/strong&gt; A letter on the manufacturer&amp;rsquo;s letterhead from the Canadian
    779 distributor, stating that there are no open recalls or service campaigns on the
    780 vehicle. I&amp;rsquo;m not sure if this is required, but Nissan Canada thought it would
    781 be.&lt;/p&gt;
    782 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;[hard]&lt;/strong&gt; A letter from the vehicle’s original manufacturer, on
    783 the manufacturer’s letterhead identifying the vehicle by vehicle identification
    784 number (VIN) and stating that the vehicle conforms to all applicable FMVSS
    785 &amp;ldquo;except for the labeling requirements of Standards Nos. 101 &lt;em&gt;Controls and
    786 Displays&lt;/em&gt; and 110 &lt;em&gt;Tire Selection and Rims&lt;/em&gt; or 120 &lt;em&gt;Tire Selection and Rims for
    787 Motor Vehicles other than Passenger Cars&lt;/em&gt;, and/or the specifications of
    788 Standard No. 108 &lt;em&gt;Lamps, Reflective Devices, and Associated Equipment&lt;/em&gt;,
    789 relating to daytime running lamps.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;
    790 &lt;p&gt;Items 1-3 are left as an exercise to the reader. I will focus here on items 4
    791 and 5 to save you the 14 hours of accumulated hold time and multiple phone
    792 calls. Prepare yourself friend, for here begins a journey of hurt and
    793 frustration, but you will prevail.&lt;/p&gt;
    794 &lt;p&gt;Let&amp;rsquo;s start with item 4. I gave &lt;a href=&#34;http://www.nissan.ca/common/footer/en/contact.html&#34;&gt;Nissan Canada&lt;/a&gt; a ring at
    795 1-800-387-0122 and managed to make it through the phone navigation system to a
    796 human operator. I told them I was importing a Canadian Nissan into the States
    797 and needed a &lt;em&gt;Letter of Compliance&lt;/em&gt;. After a bit of digging, they stated that
    798 such letters are only provided by &lt;em&gt;Nissan North America,&lt;/em&gt; but they would
    799 instead mail out two other letters on Nissan letterhead:&lt;/p&gt;
    800 &lt;ol&gt;
    801 &lt;li&gt;A letter stating the VIN and that the vehicle has no pending recalls or
    802 service campaigns on it.&lt;/li&gt;
    803 &lt;li&gt;In place of a &lt;em&gt;Certificate of Origin&lt;/em&gt; (which Nissan Canada does not
    804 provide), a letter stating the VIN and that the vehicle was manufactured for
    805 sale in the Canadian market and complied with all safety and emission
    806 regulations at the time of manufacture.&lt;/li&gt;
    807 &lt;/ol&gt;
    808 &lt;p&gt;We&amp;rsquo;re almost there, but your next and final mission is also the most
    809 challenging: the &lt;em&gt;Letter of Compliance&lt;/em&gt;. Call &lt;a href=&#34;http://www.nissanusa.com/apps/contactus&#34;&gt;Nissan North
    810 America&lt;/a&gt; Consumer Affairs Department at 1-800-647-7261. Navigate
    811 through the phone system to an operator - get their name and extension. They
    812 may ask for your VIN only to find it&amp;rsquo;s not in their system. Canadian VINs are
    813 not in their system. Some operators thought they were, others were sure they
    814 weren&amp;rsquo;t. They&amp;rsquo;re not. Many operators tried and failed to find it. Ask them to
    815 open a file, give them the vehicle information and your info and get the file
    816 number. Use this number whenever you call.&lt;/p&gt;
    817 &lt;p&gt;Here are the five steps to success:&lt;/p&gt;
    818 &lt;ol&gt;
    819 &lt;li&gt;Tell the operator that you&amp;rsquo;re importing a Canadian Nissan vehicle to the US
    820 and that you need a &lt;em&gt;Letter of Compliance&lt;/em&gt; stating the VIN and that the
    821 vehicle was built to conform to Canadian and United States EPA emissions
    822 standards and all US Federal motor vehicle standards except for daytime
    823 running light brightness. There is a very good chance they&amp;rsquo;ve never heard of
    824 this. Get them to talk to their supervisor, and their supervisor. Anyone.
    825 Someone will know.&lt;/li&gt;
    826 &lt;li&gt;They will tell you that the vehicle needs to have its daytime running lights
    827 disabled before they will issue the letter of compliance. All the government
    828 rules seem to specifically exclude the daytime running lights, and the
    829 letter they issue even states that the vehicle doesn&amp;rsquo;t meet that standard,
    830 but for whatever reason they want a copy of a work statement showing the
    831 work was done. Remember to get the operator&amp;rsquo;s name and extension and the
    832 fax number for the work statement before you hang up.&lt;/li&gt;
    833 &lt;li&gt;Get the daytime running lights disabled. It&amp;rsquo;s a setting change in the
    834 on-board computer; your local dealer will do this in under 30 mins for $50
    835 or so. &lt;/li&gt;
    836 &lt;li&gt;Fax your the work statement and put your name, return fax number and a
    837 request for the &lt;em&gt;Letter of Compliance&lt;/em&gt; on the cover sheet. Phone Nissan
    838 North America Consumer Affairs back. The phone navigation system will give
    839 you hope that you can input an extension directly, only to find it only
    840 accepts 5-digit extensions but your rep has a 6-digit extension. You&amp;rsquo;ll end
    841 up back in the queue. Ask whoever you get to put you through to your
    842 previous rep, by extension. When you get through, say that you sent the fax
    843 and request the letter. Ask them to phone you back when they&amp;rsquo;ve faxed it.&lt;/li&gt;
    844 &lt;li&gt;You&amp;rsquo;ll get the fax eventually - &lt;em&gt;check the information!&lt;/em&gt; On my letter, the
    845 year, model and VIN were all incorrect, though they got my name right. If
    846 it&amp;rsquo;s incorrect, try again.&lt;/li&gt;
    847 &lt;/ol&gt;
    848 &lt;p&gt;You now have everything you need to import your Nissan to the States. Good
    849 luck my friends, I don&amp;rsquo;t envy you, but know that I am with you and that victory
    850 will someday be yours too.&lt;/p&gt;
    851 </description>
    852     </item>
    853     
    854     <item>
    855       <title>Job Search, Search Job</title>
    856       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2011/05/job-search-search-job/</link>
    857       <pubDate>Fri, 06 May 2011 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
    858       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
    859       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2011/05/job-search-search-job/</guid>
    860       <description>&lt;p&gt;After close to seven years with &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.morganstanley.com&#34;&gt;Morgan Stanley&lt;/a&gt;, I&amp;rsquo;ve turned in my badge
    861 and exited the world of finance. I first joined Morgan Stanley in Tokyo in 2004
    862 working in the Equities Technology group focusing on scalability in the trade
    863 processing plant. Throughout my career at Morgan, I&amp;rsquo;ve had the pleasure of
    864 working alongside a lot of incredibly bright people on some very interesting and
    865 challenging problems, mainly focusing on scalability, parallelism and system
    866 architecture.&lt;/p&gt;
    867 &lt;p&gt;After being made the offer one sunny Kyoto morning, and giving it some serious
    868 contemplation, I&amp;rsquo;ve accepted a position with &lt;a href=&#34;https://google.com&#34;&gt;Google&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href=&#34;https://goo.gl/maps/gxWf&#34;&gt;Mountain View,
    869 California&lt;/a&gt;. While there&amp;rsquo;s no question I&amp;rsquo;ll miss working with all the
    870 people who made my time at Morgan Stanley such an awesome experience, I&amp;rsquo;m
    871 excited about joining Google, and looking forward to working on some tough and
    872 interesting problems in a very unique environment.&lt;/p&gt;
    873 </description>
    874     </item>
    875     
    876     <item>
    877       <title>Winter Sounds in Japan</title>
    878       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2011/04/winter-sounds-in-japan/</link>
    879       <pubDate>Mon, 25 Apr 2011 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
    880       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
    881       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2011/04/winter-sounds-in-japan/</guid>
    882       <description>&lt;p&gt;There are a lot of uniquely Japanese sounds.  But the two I&amp;rsquo;m writing
    883 about today appear on cold winter nights, and echo eerily through the
    884 dark, empty streets between dinner and bedtime.&lt;/p&gt;
    885 &lt;p&gt;Japanese winters are cold. They&amp;rsquo;re not -30C cold, but what they do have on
    886 Canadian winters is how drafty Japanese houses tend to be, and the distinct
    887 lack of central heating. All across the country the appearance of convenience
    888 store oden and yaki-imo wagons mark the arrival of winter.&lt;/p&gt;
    889 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2011-04-25-yakiimo.jpg&#34;
    890     alt=&#34;Yaki-imo wagon&#34;&gt;
    891 &lt;/figure&gt;
    892 
    893 &lt;p&gt;Yaki-imo are sweet potatoes roasted over flames in wood fired ovens in small
    894 mobile carts or trucks.  They&amp;rsquo;re served up wrapped in newspaper, and are not
    895 only delicious, but keep your hands warm too.  But the most distinctive thing
    896 about yaki-imo is that the sellers sing a very distinct &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4P9yctE9_hQ&#34;&gt;yaki-imo
    897 song&lt;/a&gt;. They typically make the rounds until just after dinner time,
    898 and I always found their song a bit eerie drifting though the dark streets.&lt;/p&gt;
    899 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2011-04-25-hinoyoujin.jpg&#34;
    900     alt=&#34;Hi no Yōjin&#34;&gt;
    901 &lt;/figure&gt;
    902 
    903 &lt;p&gt;Central heating is near non-existent in Japan, one result of which is the
    904 &lt;a href=&#34;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotatsu&#34;&gt;kotatsu&lt;/a&gt;, but another is that kerosene and gas heaters are still
    905 commonly used for heating.  Every year, housefires result from people
    906 forgetting to shut of their heaters before bed.  As a reminder to shut off the
    907 heaters, people walk through town late at night, carrying lanterns and clacking
    908 wooden blocks together, calling out &amp;ldquo;&lt;a href=&#34;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UFqRIKoVckA#t=20s&#34;&gt;hi no yōjin&lt;/a&gt;&amp;rdquo;: be careful
    909 with fire.  The sound of the blocks typically carries for many blocks, and you
    910 often hear their calls echoing through town, coming and going for up to half an
    911 hour as you lay in bed.&lt;/p&gt;
    912 </description>
    913     </item>
    914     
    915     <item>
    916       <title>Installing Mozc on Ubuntu</title>
    917       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2011/04/installing-mozc-on-ubuntu/</link>
    918       <pubDate>Fri, 22 Apr 2011 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
    919       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
    920       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2011/04/installing-mozc-on-ubuntu/</guid>
    921       <description>&lt;p&gt;If you&amp;rsquo;re a Japanese speaker, one of the first things you do when you install a
    922 fresh Linux distribution is to install a decent &lt;a href=&#34;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_IME&#34;&gt;Japanese IME&lt;/a&gt;.
    923 Ubuntu defaults to &lt;a href=&#34;https://sourceforge.jp/projects/anthy/news/&#34;&gt;Anthy&lt;/a&gt;, but I personally prefer &lt;a href=&#34;https://code.google.com/p/mozc/&#34;&gt;Mozc&lt;/a&gt;, and
    924 that&amp;rsquo;s what I&amp;rsquo;m going to show you how to install here.&lt;/p&gt;
    925 &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Update (2011-05-01):&lt;/em&gt; Found an older &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MfgjTCXZ2-s&#34;&gt;video tutorial&lt;/a&gt; on YouTube
    926 which provides an alternative (and potentially more comprehensive) solution for
    927 Japanese support on 10.10 using ibus instead of uim, which is the better choice
    928 for newer releases.&lt;/p&gt;
    929 &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Update (2011-10-25):&lt;/em&gt; The software installation part of this process got a
    930 whole lot easier in Ubuntu releases after Natty, and as noted above, I&amp;rsquo;d
    931 recommend sticking with ibus over uim.&lt;/p&gt;
    932 &lt;h3 id=&#34;japanese-input-basics&#34;&gt;Japanese Input Basics&lt;/h3&gt;
    933 &lt;p&gt;Before we get going, let&amp;rsquo;s understand a bit about how Japanese input works on
    934 computers. Japanese comprises three main character sets: the two phonetic
    935 character sets, hiragana and katakana at 50 characters each, plus many
    936 thousands of Kanji, each with multiple readings. Clearly a full keyboard is
    937 impractical, so a mapping is required.&lt;/p&gt;
    938 &lt;p&gt;Input happens in two steps. First, you input the text phonetically, then you
    939 convert it to a mix of kanji and kana.&lt;/p&gt;
    940 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2011-04-22-henkan.png&#34;
    941     alt=&#34;Japanese IME completion menu&#34;&gt;
    942 &lt;/figure&gt;
    943 
    944 &lt;p&gt;Over the years, two main mechanisms evolved to input kana. The first was common
    945 on old &lt;em&gt;wapuro&lt;/em&gt;, and assigns a kana to each key on the keyboard—e.g. where
    946 the &lt;em&gt;A&lt;/em&gt; key appears on a QWERTY keyboard, you&amp;rsquo;ll find a ち. This is how our
    947 grandparents hacked out articles for the local &lt;em&gt;shinbun&lt;/em&gt;, but I suspect only a
    948 few die-hard traditionalists still do this. The second and more common method
    949 is literal &lt;a href=&#34;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wapuro&#34;&gt;transliteration of roman characters into kana&lt;/a&gt;. You
    950 type &lt;em&gt;fujisan&lt;/em&gt; and out comes ふじさん.&lt;/p&gt;
    951 &lt;p&gt;Once the phonetic kana have been input, you execute a conversion step wherein
    952 the input is transformed into the appropriate mix of kanji and kana. Given the
    953 large number of homonyms in Japanese, this step often involves disambiguating
    954 your input by selecting the intended kanji. For example, the &lt;em&gt;mita&lt;/em&gt; in &lt;em&gt;eiga wo
    955 mita&lt;/em&gt; (I watched a movie) is properly rendered as 観た whereas the &lt;em&gt;mita&lt;/em&gt; in
    956 &lt;em&gt;kuruma wo mita&lt;/em&gt; (I saw a car) should be 見た, and in neither case is it &lt;em&gt;mita&lt;/em&gt;
    957 as in the place name &lt;em&gt;Mita-bashi&lt;/em&gt; (Mita bridge) which is written 三田.&lt;/p&gt;
    958 &lt;h3 id=&#34;some-implementation-details&#34;&gt;Some Implementation Details&lt;/h3&gt;
    959 &lt;p&gt;Let&amp;rsquo;s look at implementation. There are two main components used in inputting
    960 Japanese text:&lt;/p&gt;
    961 &lt;p&gt;The GUI system (e.g. ibus, uim) is responsible for:&lt;/p&gt;
    962 &lt;ol&gt;
    963 &lt;li&gt;Maintaining and switching the current input mode:
    964 ローマ字、ひらがな、カタカナ、半額カタカナ.&lt;/li&gt;
    965 &lt;li&gt;Transliteration of character input into kana: &lt;em&gt;ku&lt;/em&gt; into く,
    966 &lt;em&gt;nekko&lt;/em&gt; into ねっこ, &lt;em&gt;xtu&lt;/em&gt; into っ.&lt;/li&gt;
    967 &lt;li&gt;Managing the text under edit (the underlined stuff) and the
    968 drop-down list of transliterations.&lt;/li&gt;
    969 &lt;li&gt;Ancillary functions such as supplying a GUI for custom dictionary
    970 management, kanji lookup by radical, etc.&lt;/li&gt;
    971 &lt;/ol&gt;
    972 &lt;p&gt;The transliteration engine (e.g. Anthy, Mozc) is responsible for transforming a
    973 piece of input text, usually in kana form, into kanji: for example みる into
    974 one of: 見る、観る、診る、視る. This involves:&lt;/p&gt;
    975 &lt;ol&gt;
    976 &lt;li&gt;Breaking the input phrase into components.&lt;/li&gt;
    977 &lt;li&gt;Transforming each component into the appropriate best guess based on context
    978 and historical input.&lt;/li&gt;
    979 &lt;li&gt;Supplying alternative transformations in case the best guess was incorrect.&lt;/li&gt;
    980 &lt;/ol&gt;
    981 &lt;h3 id=&#34;why-mozc&#34;&gt;Why Mozc?&lt;/h3&gt;
    982 &lt;p&gt;TL;DR: because it&amp;rsquo;s better. Have a look at the conversion list up at the top of
    983 this post. The input is &lt;em&gt;kinou&lt;/em&gt;, for which there are two main conversion
    984 candidates: 機能 (feature) and 昨日 (yesterday). Notice however, that it also
    985 supplies several conversions for yesterday&amp;rsquo;s date in various formats, including
    986 「平成23年4月21日」 using &lt;a href=&#34;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_era_name&#34;&gt;Japanese Era Name&lt;/a&gt; rather than the
    987 Western notation 2011. This is just one small improvement among dozens of
    988 clever tricks it performs. If you&amp;rsquo;re thinking this bears an uncanny resemblance
    989 to tricks that &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.google.com/intl/ja/ime/&#34;&gt;Google&amp;rsquo;s Japanese IME&lt;/a&gt; supports, you&amp;rsquo;re right: Mozc
    990 originated from the same codebase.&lt;/p&gt;
    991 &lt;h3 id=&#34;switching-to-mozc&#34;&gt;Switching to Mozc&lt;/h3&gt;
    992 &lt;p&gt;So let&amp;rsquo;s assume you&amp;rsquo;re now convinced to abandon Anthy and switch to Mozc.
    993 You&amp;rsquo;ll need to make some changes. Here are the steps:&lt;/p&gt;
    994 &lt;p&gt;If you haven&amp;rsquo;t yet done so, install some Japanese fonts from either Software
    995 Centre or Synaptic. I&amp;rsquo;d recommend grabbing the &lt;em&gt;ttf-takao&lt;/em&gt; package.&lt;/p&gt;
    996 &lt;p&gt;Next up, we&amp;rsquo;ll install and configure Mozc.&lt;/p&gt;
    997 &lt;ol&gt;
    998 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Install ibus-mozc:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;sudo apt-get install ibus-mozc&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
    999 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Restart the ibus daemon:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;/usr/bin/ibus-daemon --xim -r -d&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
   1000 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Set your input method to mozc:&lt;/strong&gt;
   1001 &lt;ol&gt;
   1002 &lt;li&gt;Open &lt;em&gt;Keyboard Input Methods&lt;/em&gt; settings.&lt;/li&gt;
   1003 &lt;li&gt;Select the &lt;em&gt;Input Method&lt;/em&gt; tab.&lt;/li&gt;
   1004 &lt;li&gt;From the &lt;em&gt;Select an input method&lt;/em&gt; drop-down, select Japanese, then mozc from
   1005 the sub-menu.&lt;/li&gt;
   1006 &lt;li&gt;Select &lt;em&gt;Japanese - Anthy&lt;/em&gt; from the list, if it appears there, and click
   1007 &lt;em&gt;Remove&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
   1008 &lt;/ol&gt;
   1009 &lt;/li&gt;
   1010 &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Optionally, remove Anthy from your system:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;sudo apt-get autoremove anthy&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
   1011 &lt;/ol&gt;
   1012 &lt;p&gt;Log out, and back in. You should see an input method menu in the menu
   1013 bar at the top of the screen.&lt;/p&gt;
   1014 &lt;p&gt;That&amp;rsquo;s it, Mozcを楽しんでください!&lt;/p&gt;
   1015 </description>
   1016     </item>
   1017     
   1018     <item>
   1019       <title>Ride to Okutama-ko and back</title>
   1020       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2008/10/ride-to-okutamako/</link>
   1021       <pubDate>Sun, 26 Oct 2008 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1022       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1023       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2008/10/ride-to-okutamako/</guid>
   1024       <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1qLR0za_apX5qMJi32cqDoNYESRI&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;msa=0&amp;amp;ll=35.67441532772013%2C139.44887900000003&amp;amp;spn=0.214689%2C0.47083&amp;amp;t=p&amp;amp;source=embed&amp;amp;z=9&#34;&gt;View map&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
   1025 &lt;p&gt;I haven&amp;rsquo;t ridden a &lt;a href=&#34;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Century_ride&#34;&gt;century&lt;/a&gt; since I moved to Japan but with a bit of
   1026 spare time on my hands before baby number two is due, I decided I was going to
   1027 get back into decent enough shape that I could pull one off. I&amp;rsquo;ve been using
   1028 mornings and weekends to get back into riding longer distances, and slowly
   1029 building up toward the goal of 160 km by riding further and further up the Tama
   1030 river every weekend.&lt;/p&gt;
   1031 &lt;p&gt;Five minutes looking at Google maps yesterday morning at 6 am convinced me that
   1032 Lake Okutama was exactly the necessary 80 km away, so without a minute to lose
   1033 I got dressed, headed out the door and rode north up the Tama river.  Here&amp;rsquo;s
   1034 the &lt;a href=&#34;https://connect.garmin.com/modern/activity/18311395&#34;&gt;activity report&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
   1035 &lt;p&gt;The ride along the river is gorgeous, one of the few places in Tokyo you can
   1036 ride uninterrupted through a green belt that runs from the ocean at Haneda
   1037 airport all the way into the mountains in the northwest corner of Tokyo. The
   1038 bike path ends at the south Hamura dam, but by then it&amp;rsquo;s pretty &lt;a href=&#34;http://www.ehimeajet.com/inaka.php&#34; title=&#34;Inaka: rural Japan&#34;&gt;inaka&lt;/a&gt;,
   1039 so you can continue by road from there without much worry about traffic. At
   1040 the north Hamura dam, I crossed over to the west side of the river, to pick up
   1041 Route 411 through the towns of Oume, Sawai, and Mitake before leaving the city
   1042 completely and starting the climb up into the mountains.&lt;/p&gt;
   1043 &lt;p&gt;The trip on from Mitake is a long, slow ascent along a narrow, winding road
   1044 through small towns and villages while criss-crossing the river. Particularly
   1045 this time of year with the leaves changing colour, the trip is visually
   1046 spectactular, with the mountainsides lit up bright orange and red. Okutama is
   1047 the last major town before the final hill-climb up to the lake. At its
   1048 westernmost edge is the world-famous Tokyo &lt;a href=&#34;http://web-japan.org/nipponia/nipponia19/en/feature/feature05.html&#34; title=&#34;Conbini: Let&#39;s enjoy convenience store life!&#34;&gt;Conbini&lt;/a&gt; Shuten—the final
   1049 convenience store of Tokyo. Complete with latitude and longitude figures on its
   1050 sign out front, it is a site of pilgrimage for cyclists headed up to the lake
   1051 and the border of Tokyo and Yamanashi prefectures. Too bad it&amp;rsquo;s a &lt;a href=&#34;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Yamazaki&#34;&gt;Daily
   1052 Yamazaki&lt;/a&gt; and not a &lt;a href=&#34;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FamilyMart&#34;&gt;Famima&lt;/a&gt;, but either way it&amp;rsquo;s got
   1053 &lt;a href=&#34;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocari_Sweat&#34;&gt;Pocari Sweat&lt;/a&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;
   1054 &lt;p&gt;From the town of Okutama to the lake is a 13 km hill climb up through tunnel
   1055 after tunnel to the dam at the edge of the lake. My the one route change I&amp;rsquo;ll
   1056 make the next time I do this is to go &lt;em&gt;around&lt;/em&gt; the tunnels instead of &lt;em&gt;through&lt;/em&gt;
   1057 them. I can&amp;rsquo;t possibly imagine why someone felt the need to put (very
   1058 expensive) tunnels in on this road given that almost every single one can be
   1059 bypassed on the road. I can only assume that this has something to do with the
   1060 government trying to buy the powerful rural vote with thousands of unnecessary,
   1061 environment-destroying &lt;a href=&#34;http://www.iwanami.co.jp/jpworld/text/publicworks01.html&#34; title=&#34;The LDP and pork-barrel politics&#34;&gt;construction projects&lt;/a&gt; per year.&lt;/p&gt;
   1062 &lt;p&gt;The good news is that once you hit the top, the views are spectacular, the
   1063 roads are flat, and you&amp;rsquo;re back in &lt;a href=&#34;http://www.flickr.com/photos/68908288@N00/141327403/&#34; title=&#34;Jidohanbaiki: Let&#39;s vending machine!&#34;&gt;jidohanbaiki&lt;/a&gt;-land where
   1064 Pocari Sweat and Aquarius are available in abundance! I&amp;rsquo;d accidentally left my
   1065 cycle computer off for a 3km stretch out of Okutama, so I cycled 3 km down the
   1066 road to make up for it and be able to claim a &lt;em&gt;recorded&lt;/em&gt; 160 km. I ran into a
   1067 German cyclist named Ludwig who&amp;rsquo;d also ridden in from Tokyo; he had a
   1068 drool-worthy Canyan carbon-fibre bike, and interestingly, it turns out he&amp;rsquo;s
   1069 part of the &lt;a href=&#34;http://positivo-espresso.blogspot.com/&#34;&gt;Positivo Espresso&lt;/a&gt; cycling group whose blog I&amp;rsquo;d
   1070 been reading for a couple months.&lt;/p&gt;
   1071 &lt;p&gt;Ludvig continued on up towards Yamanashi-ken with the plan of packing up his
   1072 bike and taking the train back when he got as far as he wanted to go. Good
   1073 plan, and something I&amp;rsquo;ll give a try next time. I turned my bike around for the
   1074 long trip back home. The best part of that trip was the 30 minute descent back
   1075 down out of the hills at car speed, before hitting Mitake, and heading back out
   1076 to the flat cycle path along the Tamagawa.&lt;/p&gt;
   1077 &lt;p&gt;All in all, a pretty awesome day of cycling and a trip I&amp;rsquo;d definitely do again.
   1078 While the trip included a nice hill-climb, it wasn&amp;rsquo;t severe, and didn&amp;rsquo;t last
   1079 more than 15 km. I&amp;rsquo;ve included the GPS map—there are a couple errors where I&amp;rsquo;d
   1080 accidentally switched it off for 3 km near Okutama, and for about 5 km near
   1081 Hamura on the way back.&lt;/p&gt;
   1082 </description>
   1083     </item>
   1084     
   1085     <item>
   1086       <title>Monkey Madness</title>
   1087       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2008/08/monkey-madness/</link>
   1088       <pubDate>Fri, 22 Aug 2008 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1089       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1090       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2008/08/monkey-madness/</guid>
   1091       <description>&lt;p&gt;How many police does it take to catch a monkey in one of Tokyo&amp;rsquo;s busiest train
   1092 stations? Apparently a lot more than the &lt;a href=&#34;https://jp.youtube.com/watch?v=1LbhEJ2NUxE&#34;&gt;40 or so that
   1093 tried&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
   1094 &lt;p&gt;The monkey was first spotted around 9:45am on top of the Tokyu Toyoko Line
   1095 schedule display, possibly one of the best choices for people-watching in
   1096 Shibuya Station, strategically positions between the exit of the Tokyu
   1097 department store and the entrance to one of Tokyo&amp;rsquo;s busiest train lines.&lt;/p&gt;
   1098 &lt;p&gt;It hung around for close to two hours while commuters, shoppers, news crews and
   1099 a posse of net-wielding cops showed up, before finally deciding to
   1100 &lt;a href=&#34;https://jp.youtube.com/watch?v=AKFh-Wc7KSE&#34;&gt;make a break for it&lt;/a&gt;. Police never did catch the cheeky
   1101 monkey, and its current whereabouts are unknown.&lt;/p&gt;
   1102 &lt;p&gt;Apparently this is the third incident of a monkey getting into a train station
   1103 in Tokyo in the last few weeks.&lt;/p&gt;
   1104 </description>
   1105     </item>
   1106     
   1107     <item>
   1108       <title>PR#6</title>
   1109       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2007/06/pr6/</link>
   1110       <pubDate>Wed, 06 Jun 2007 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1111       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1112       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2007/06/pr6/</guid>
   1113       <description>&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&#34;http://apple.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=07/06/06/0028246&#34;&gt;Slashdot&lt;/a&gt;, this month the &lt;a href=&#34;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II&#34;&gt;Apple
   1114 II&lt;/a&gt; turns 30. It was in production for 18 of those 30 years,
   1115 which likely makes it the longest-selling personal computer of all time. It was
   1116 the computer I wrote my first program on, and spent countless hours banging in
   1117 and editing code from &lt;em&gt;Compute&lt;/em&gt; magazine—including page after page of raw hex
   1118 code when a program included graphics.&lt;/p&gt;
   1119 &lt;p&gt;In tribute, I ran a Google search on PR#6 to see what turned up. For those who
   1120 don&amp;rsquo;t know or don&amp;rsquo;t remember, PR#6 was the command that kicked off the
   1121 bootloader code for slot 6, the drive controller. The search turned up two
   1122 relevant links: an &lt;a href=&#34;http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=197&amp;amp;coll=ap&#34;&gt;Apple TechTip&lt;/a&gt; on a simple copy-protection scheme,
   1123 and a fantastic &lt;a href=&#34;http://diveintomark.org/archives/2006/08/22/c600g&#34;&gt;blog entry&lt;/a&gt; that covers a bit about the Apple
   1124 ][&amp;rsquo;s boot process, which brings back a lot of memories of old Shugart drives,
   1125 including the terrifying sound of a track 0 seek – a process wherein the drive
   1126 head was moved across the disk very quickly until it physically couldn&amp;rsquo;t go any
   1127 further, resulting in a loud alarm-like buzz from the drive when it hit the
   1128 limit of its reach.&lt;/p&gt;
   1129 &lt;p&gt;Anyway, in celebration of the Apple ][&amp;rsquo;s 30th birthday, I recommend grabbing
   1130 your nearest &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.scullinsteel.com/apple2/#dos33master&#34;&gt;emulator&lt;/a&gt;, and banging in a &lt;code&gt;call -151&lt;/code&gt; for old time&amp;rsquo;s
   1131 sake.&lt;/p&gt;
   1132 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2007-06-06-happy_birthday.png&#34;
   1133     alt=&#34;AppleSoft BASIC program&#34;&gt;
   1134 &lt;/figure&gt;
   1135 
   1136 </description>
   1137     </item>
   1138     
   1139     <item>
   1140       <title>Google Reader</title>
   1141       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2007/05/google-reader/</link>
   1142       <pubDate>Wed, 30 May 2007 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1143       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1144       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2007/05/google-reader/</guid>
   1145       <description>&lt;p&gt;For years, I&amp;rsquo;ve been a fan of &lt;a href=&#34;http://inessential.com/&#34;&gt;Brent Simmons&amp;rsquo;&lt;/a&gt; OS X-based feed
   1146 reader, &lt;a href=&#34;http://www.newsgator.com/Individuals/NetNewsWire/&#34;&gt;NetNewsWire&lt;/a&gt;. It&amp;rsquo;s a fantastic application, and I&amp;rsquo;ve definitely
   1147 got my money&amp;rsquo;s worth out of it. After partnering with &lt;a href=&#34;http://newsgator.com/&#34;&gt;NewsGator&lt;/a&gt;, I
   1148 started using their online feed-reader on and off, with mixed
   1149 results. I like that it keeps my feeds in sync between my computers,
   1150 and that I can browse articles at lunch, but the interface is still not on par
   1151 with NetNewsWire itself.&lt;/p&gt;
   1152 &lt;p&gt;While NewsGator&amp;rsquo;s implementation was lacking, I really did like the idea of
   1153 dropping the desktop app altogether and going with a fully online solution, so
   1154 I started exploring other options. The obvious free alternative is &lt;a href=&#34;http://www.google.com/reader/&#34;&gt;Google
   1155 Reader&lt;/a&gt;, and I have to say, I&amp;rsquo;m impressed. While the
   1156 presentation isn&amp;rsquo;t as customizable as NetNewsWire, the functionality that I use
   1157 is all there, and in fact, it has some extra search features that I miss on the
   1158 desktop. It was only when I launched NetNewsWire today and saw 290 unread
   1159 items, that it hit me I hadn&amp;rsquo;t used it in almost a month. So while I look
   1160 forward to &lt;a href=&#34;http://www.flickr.com/photos/hicksdesign/210309912/&#34;&gt;NetNewsWire 3&lt;/a&gt;, I&amp;rsquo;m sticking to Google Reader for the time
   1161 being.&lt;/p&gt;
   1162 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2007-05-30-google-reader.png&#34;
   1163     alt=&#34;Google reader graph of usage by hour of day&#34;&gt;
   1164 &lt;/figure&gt;
   1165 
   1166 &lt;p&gt;I also discovered that my prime news reading hours are apparently 6:30am to
   1167 7:30am and 9pm to 11pm, with a strange local maximum straggling out around
   1168 12:30am. I&amp;rsquo;d be curious to compare this to &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; I had a baby that woke me
   1169 up around that time.&lt;/p&gt;
   1170 &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Update (2007-06-06):&lt;/em&gt; NetNewsWire 3.0 is now out.&lt;/p&gt;
   1171 </description>
   1172     </item>
   1173     
   1174     <item>
   1175       <title>Apple Reinvents the Phone?</title>
   1176       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2007/01/apple-reinvents-the-iphone/</link>
   1177       <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jan 2007 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1178       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1179       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2007/01/apple-reinvents-the-iphone/</guid>
   1180       <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Update (2009-02-28)&lt;/em&gt;: Alright, guilty as charged. &amp;ldquo;No wireless. Less space
   1181 than a nomad.
   1182 &lt;a href=&#34;https://slashdot.org/story/01/10/23/1816257/Apple-releases-iPod&#34;&gt;Lame&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;
   1183 &lt;p&gt;After watching the Steve Jobs iPhone keynote, I have to say I&amp;rsquo;m a little
   1184 disappointed. While this phone has a slicker GUI than any other phone I&amp;rsquo;ve
   1185 seen, it&amp;rsquo;s not so much the $499 US price-tag, but the stone-age functionality
   1186 of the phone compared to what we have here in Japan that makes my jaw
   1187 drop.&lt;/p&gt;
   1188 &lt;p&gt;Here in Japan, 3 years ago in 2004, for 1 yen, I had the following in a
   1189 cellphone:&lt;/p&gt;
   1190 &lt;ul&gt;
   1191 &lt;li&gt;3G download speeds of 50 Mb/s.&lt;/li&gt;
   1192 &lt;li&gt;Two-way video-phone.&lt;/li&gt;
   1193 &lt;li&gt;Built-in fingerprint scanner (for security checks).&lt;/li&gt;
   1194 &lt;li&gt;MP3 player and download service.&lt;/li&gt;
   1195 &lt;li&gt;Edy BitWallet (like Interac, except you swipe your finger on the
   1196 phone&amp;rsquo;s scanner to accept the transaction).&lt;/li&gt;
   1197 &lt;li&gt;Can be used as a &lt;em&gt;Suica&lt;/em&gt; train pass.&lt;/li&gt;
   1198 &lt;li&gt;Can buy movie tickets and scan in at the theatre, bypassing the
   1199 lineup.&lt;/li&gt;
   1200 &lt;li&gt;Can wave it at vending machines for food and drinks.&lt;/li&gt;
   1201 &lt;li&gt;Will figure out train routes, transfer locations and times, and
   1202 ticket prices.&lt;/li&gt;
   1203 &lt;li&gt;Can scan barcodes which take you to websites – eg. scan at the bus
   1204 station to pull up the schedule or scan a magazine to order a
   1205 product.&lt;/li&gt;
   1206 &lt;li&gt;MP3 player and download service.&lt;/li&gt;
   1207 &lt;li&gt;Decent email (+ attachments), SMS, calendaring, notepad.&lt;/li&gt;
   1208 &lt;li&gt;Automatic location triangulation (by determining which antennae are
   1209 nearby) and location-aware mapping, shopping/restaurant listings.&lt;/li&gt;
   1210 &lt;li&gt;Interactive mapping of current location with zooming and scrolling.&lt;/li&gt;
   1211 &lt;li&gt;Integrated graphical web-browser.&lt;/li&gt;
   1212 &lt;li&gt;1 megapixel Camera, Video camera.&lt;/li&gt;
   1213 &lt;li&gt;Display/graph your phone usage to the day.&lt;/li&gt;
   1214 &lt;li&gt;Can write and deploy your own Java/C/C++ applets.&lt;/li&gt;
   1215 &lt;/ul&gt;
   1216 &lt;p&gt;If you go for a high-end phone with more than the above (e.g. built-in TV
   1217 tuner), you&amp;rsquo;ll need to pay more than one yen, but the price range is normally
   1218 below ¥20,000 ($200 Canadian). In its current state, the iPhone won&amp;rsquo;t sell in
   1219 Japan even if it&amp;rsquo;s free; Apple is going to have to do some major work if it
   1220 wants to compete with even the bare-bones models on the market in Japan.&lt;/p&gt;
   1221 </description>
   1222     </item>
   1223     
   1224     <item>
   1225       <title>A Mystery Solved</title>
   1226       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2006/09/mystery-solved/</link>
   1227       <pubDate>Sat, 02 Sep 2006 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1228       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1229       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2006/09/mystery-solved/</guid>
   1230       <description>&lt;p&gt;One of my biggest complaints about Japan has always been the complete and utter
   1231 lack of garbage bins in this city. There are none to be found.&lt;/p&gt;
   1232 &lt;p&gt;If you buy a (most likely seriously overpackaged) snack, you either have to
   1233 carry all the wrapping and leftovers around with you until you get home, or
   1234 toss it on the street. But the streets are impeccably clean here, which had led
   1235 me to believe that like me, the other 12 million people out for a walk this
   1236 afternoon, will be carrying their litter around in their backpacks and shopping
   1237 bags.&lt;/p&gt;
   1238 &lt;p&gt;But it turns out this is not the case: an article in &lt;a href=&#34;http://www.metropolis.co.jp/&#34;&gt;Metropolis&lt;/a&gt;
   1239 unveils the answer to &lt;a href=&#34;https://web.archive.org/web/20190222191348/http://archive.metropolis.co.jp/tokyorantsravesarchive349/315/tokyorantsravesinc.htm&#34;&gt;The Big Tokyo Trash Mystery&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
   1240 </description>
   1241     </item>
   1242     
   1243     <item>
   1244       <title>Happy 139th Birthday!</title>
   1245       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2006/07/happy-139th-birthday/</link>
   1246       <pubDate>Sat, 01 Jul 2006 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1247       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1248       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2006/07/happy-139th-birthday/</guid>
   1249       <description>&lt;p&gt;Canadians in Tokyo got a head start on the Canada Day celebrations, kicking
   1250 things off at 8:30 am with a pancake breakfast at the &lt;a href=&#34;http://www.maplesportsbar.jp/&#34;&gt;Maple Leaf Bar &amp;amp;
   1251 Grill&lt;/a&gt;, followed by a Canada Day barbeque at Yoyogi Park including
   1252 hot dogs, yakitori, a massive Canadian Flag cake, and imported Canadian beer.
   1253 By 6pm things, as started to wind down at the park, people started the long
   1254 trek back to Shibuya and into the Maple Leaf, where it was standing room
   1255 only.&lt;/p&gt;
   1256 &lt;p&gt;Some &lt;a href=&#34;http://www.flickr.com/photos/cbracken/sets/72157594183420453/&#34;&gt;pictures of the event&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
   1257 </description>
   1258     </item>
   1259     
   1260     <item>
   1261       <title>Canadian Medical Research</title>
   1262       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2006/06/canadian-medical-research/</link>
   1263       <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1264       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1265       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2006/06/canadian-medical-research/</guid>
   1266       <description>&lt;p&gt;Don&amp;rsquo;t let anyone tell you that Canada never contributed groundbreaking research
   1267 to the medical field. First, the discovery and isolation of insulin by
   1268 researchers at the University of Toronto; now &lt;a href=&#34;http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/325/7378/1445&#34; title=&#34;Ice cream evoked headaches: randomised trial of accelerated versus cautious ice cream eating regimen&#34;&gt;this paper&lt;/a&gt; published in the
   1269 British Medical Journal, co-authored by a Grade 8 student from Hamilton,
   1270 Ontario.&lt;/p&gt;
   1271 </description>
   1272     </item>
   1273     
   1274     <item>
   1275       <title>麻酔お願いします!</title>
   1276       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2005/10/masui-onegai-shimasu/</link>
   1277       <pubDate>Sat, 08 Oct 2005 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1278       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1279       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2005/10/masui-onegai-shimasu/</guid>
   1280       <description>&lt;p&gt;Yesterday was my first trip to the dentist in years. The last time was just
   1281 before moving to Mexico, in the summer of 2001. As you might imagine, I was not
   1282 entirely expecting a clean bill of dental health. The fact that I had once
   1283 again ignored my dentist&amp;rsquo;s advice to floss daily was not improving my outlook
   1284 one bit.&lt;/p&gt;
   1285 &lt;p&gt;So it was with some trepidation that I went to see Dr Nakasawa yesterday
   1286 afternoon at 3 o&amp;rsquo;clock. I stepped into the office, swapped my shoes for
   1287 slippers, filled out some forms, and took a seat in the waiting room,
   1288 attempting to pass the time by reading ads in Japanese for Sonicare
   1289 toothbrushes.&lt;/p&gt;
   1290 &lt;p&gt;Eventually, I heard the receptionist call out &amp;lsquo;Bracken-san!&amp;rsquo; The door swung
   1291 open, and I was escorted to a chair and told to have a seat and wait for a few
   1292 moments with nothing to do except stare at the assortment of torture
   1293 instruments laid out on the table in front of me.&lt;/p&gt;
   1294 &lt;p&gt;Now, in Canada, this is the point where the hygenist comes in, cleans your
   1295 teeth, tells you what a poor job you&amp;rsquo;ve done of brushing your teeth over the
   1296 last six months, asks you whether you&amp;rsquo;ve actually bothered to floss even once
   1297 since the last time you came, then takes off and the dentist comes in and pokes
   1298 around. In Japan, it goes only slightly differently. The dentist comes straight
   1299 in, cleans your teeth, tells you what a poor job you&amp;rsquo;ve done of brushing your
   1300 teeth, asks you whether you&amp;rsquo;ve actually bothered to floss even once since you
   1301 last came in, then starts poking around. Normally, that is.&lt;/p&gt;
   1302 &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Chotto akete kudasai.&lt;/em&gt; I opened my mouth. Dr Nakasawa looked around for a
   1303 moment, poking at things with his tools, then paused.&lt;/p&gt;
   1304 &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kono chiryou wa Nihon de moraimashita?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
   1305 &lt;p&gt;&amp;lsquo;No, didn&amp;rsquo;t get &amp;rsquo;em here. I got all my fillings in Canada.&amp;rsquo;&lt;/p&gt;
   1306 &lt;p&gt;Another pause. &lt;em&gt;Aah, Canada-jin desu ka? Daigakusei no jidai, Eigo o benkyou
   1307 shimashita kedo, mou hotondo wasurete-shimaimashita.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
   1308 &lt;p&gt;&amp;lsquo;That&amp;rsquo;s ok, I&amp;rsquo;ll try my best in Japanese.&amp;rsquo;&lt;/p&gt;
   1309 &lt;p&gt;Dr Nakasawa takes another glance in my mouth, does a bit more poking and says
   1310 to the hygenist &amp;lsquo;Number 14 looks like an A. 18 looks like a B. 31&amp;hellip; is A-ish.&amp;rsquo;
   1311 Dr Nakasawa sits back in his chair. Another pause.&lt;/p&gt;
   1312 &lt;p&gt;&amp;lsquo;These fillings&amp;hellip; the grey ones,&amp;rsquo; he says, &amp;lsquo;how long ago did you get these?&amp;rsquo;&lt;/p&gt;
   1313 &lt;p&gt;&amp;lsquo;I don&amp;rsquo;t know, maybe when I was in middle-school. A long time ago. I haven&amp;rsquo;t
   1314 had a filling in years.&amp;rsquo;&lt;/p&gt;
   1315 &lt;p&gt;&amp;lsquo;They&amp;rsquo;re really old. This one here looks like it&amp;rsquo;s chipped away on the edge and
   1316 the tooth underneath has a little bit of discolouration that may well be a
   1317 cavity. We don&amp;rsquo;t really do this style of filling in Japan anymore, but what I&amp;rsquo;d
   1318 suggest — it&amp;rsquo;s up to you — is that we remove these, check for cavities
   1319 underneath, do any cleanup you need, then replace them with modern fillings.&amp;rsquo;&lt;/p&gt;
   1320 &lt;p&gt;&amp;lsquo;Sure, the last dentist I talked to mentioned these were getting pretty awful
   1321 too, so sure&amp;hellip; sounds good. Let&amp;rsquo;s do it.&amp;rsquo;&lt;/p&gt;
   1322 &lt;p&gt;&amp;lsquo;Okay, I&amp;rsquo;m particularly worried about this one here, so let&amp;rsquo;s start with this
   1323 one.&amp;rsquo;&lt;/p&gt;
   1324 &lt;p&gt;&amp;lsquo;Sounds good.&amp;rsquo;&lt;/p&gt;
   1325 &lt;p&gt;&amp;lsquo;Would you like to book a time next week, or if you have time I could do it
   1326 today?&amp;rsquo;&lt;/p&gt;
   1327 &lt;p&gt;&amp;lsquo;I&amp;rsquo;ve got no plans for the rest of the day, let&amp;rsquo;s just get it over with.&amp;rsquo;&lt;/p&gt;
   1328 &lt;p&gt;&amp;lsquo;Alright. &lt;em&gt;Masui wa dou desu ka? Hitsuyou desu ka?&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rsquo;&lt;/p&gt;
   1329 &lt;p&gt;Now here I want to remind you that although I can get by in day-to-day life and
   1330 carry on a conversation in Japanese, one of the unequivocal facts of gaijin
   1331 life is that there are some words you simply don&amp;rsquo;t know, and to keep the flow
   1332 of conversation going, you skip them and pick up the general idea from context.
   1333 So when someone says to you &amp;lsquo;What about &lt;em&gt;masui&lt;/em&gt;? Would you like it?&amp;rsquo; in a tone
   1334 that suggests that really, you probably wouldn&amp;rsquo;t, your instinct tends to be to
   1335 say &amp;rsquo;no, no.&amp;rsquo;&lt;/p&gt;
   1336 &lt;p&gt;One of the wonderful things about living in another country is that
   1337 occasionally you&amp;rsquo;re pleasantly surprised by turn of events that leads to an
   1338 experience that you&amp;rsquo;d almost certainly never have stumbled your way into back
   1339 home. These experiences often upend long-held, fundamental beliefs that you&amp;rsquo;d
   1340 have never even thought to question in your life.&lt;/p&gt;
   1341 &lt;p&gt;However, I am going to tell you right now that there is no question at all that
   1342 getting your teeth drilled with no freezing hurts almost exactly as much as
   1343 you&amp;rsquo;d imagine it does.&lt;/p&gt;
   1344 &lt;p&gt;The full meaning of Dr Nakasawa&amp;rsquo;s question, and of what was about to transpire,
   1345 became crystal clear as he picked up the drill, looked me in the eyes and said
   1346 &amp;lsquo;Open wide, and put your hand up if at any point you can&amp;rsquo;t handle the pain.&amp;rsquo; I
   1347 swear I detected just the slightest hint of a smile on his face as he said this
   1348 to me, but I didn&amp;rsquo;t have long to think about it because it was it was at this
   1349 point that I began focussing my entire being on keeping my hands clamped in a
   1350 death grip on the armrests of the dental chair.&lt;/p&gt;
   1351 &lt;p&gt;I walked out of the office that day with a shiny new hole in my tooth and a
   1352 temporary filling while they create the permanent one. I managed to do this
   1353 without once raising my hand, but Dr Nakasawa&amp;rsquo;s lucky his chair has still got
   1354 its bloody armrests attached.&lt;/p&gt;
   1355 </description>
   1356     </item>
   1357     
   1358     <item>
   1359       <title>Look At All The Pretty Pictures!</title>
   1360       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2005/08/look-at-all-the-pretty-pictures/</link>
   1361       <pubDate>Fri, 05 Aug 2005 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1362       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1363       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2005/08/look-at-all-the-pretty-pictures/</guid>
   1364       <description>&lt;p&gt;So I moved my webpage and was all of a sudden faced with a deluge of emails
   1365 from people who I never even knew read the thing. Among those emails was a
   1366 request from my amigo Chaffee requesting more pictures. Seeing as I&amp;rsquo;d always
   1367 wanted to play with the &lt;a href=&#34;https://flickr.com/services/&#34;&gt;Flickr API&lt;/a&gt;, I requested an API Key and
   1368 started hacking away at some &lt;a href=&#34;https://php.net&#34;&gt;PHP&lt;/a&gt;. The end result is that on the left side
   1369 of this page, you now get to see whatever happens to be the latest picture I&amp;rsquo;ve
   1370 taken on my mobile phone.&lt;/p&gt;
   1371 &lt;p&gt;The moment I take a picture with my cellphone, it gets emailed to the magical
   1372 servers at &lt;a href=&#34;https://flickr.com&#34;&gt;Flickr&lt;/a&gt; and tagged with a title, some keywords, and a
   1373 description. The next time someone loads this page, a small PHP script in the
   1374 innards of this site makes a &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.w3.org/TR/soap/&#34;&gt;SOAP&lt;/a&gt; request to Flickr&amp;rsquo;s servers and
   1375 retrieves an &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.w3.org/XML/&#34;&gt;XML&lt;/a&gt; response. This response is then parsed out and a URI to
   1376 the thumbnail image on Flickr&amp;rsquo;s servers is generated which is then inserted
   1377 into this page. To improve performance a tiny bit, I avoid the overhead of the
   1378 SOAP call every time this page is loaded by caching the response for five
   1379 minutes and reading the cached XML if it&amp;rsquo;s available.&lt;/p&gt;
   1380 &lt;p&gt;For those of you who are into &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.xml.com/pub/a/2002/12/18/dive-into-xml.html&#34;&gt;RSS&lt;/a&gt;, I&amp;rsquo;ve added a &lt;a href=&#34;feed://flickr.com/services/feeds/photos_public.gne?id=37996625178@N01&amp;amp;format=atom_03&#34;&gt;Flickr
   1381 feed&lt;/a&gt; to my pictures in the HTML headers on this site.&lt;/p&gt;
   1382 &lt;p&gt;My goal—and this is entirely for you, Chaffee—is to take at least one
   1383 picture a day, which is far more ambitious a schedule than my posting to this
   1384 page. We&amp;rsquo;ll see how that works out.&lt;/p&gt;
   1385 </description>
   1386     </item>
   1387     
   1388     <item>
   1389       <title>結婚してくれますか?</title>
   1390       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2005/07/kekkon-shite-kuremasu-ka/</link>
   1391       <pubDate>Sun, 31 Jul 2005 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1392       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1393       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2005/07/kekkon-shite-kuremasu-ka/</guid>
   1394       <description>&lt;p&gt;The big news is that Yasuko and I will be getting married in November at
   1395 Shimogamo Shrine in Kyoto. For the desperately curious, I &amp;lsquo;officially&amp;rsquo; proposed
   1396 in February at &lt;em&gt;Souvenir&lt;/em&gt;, a French restaurant down the street.&lt;/p&gt;
   1397 &lt;p&gt;In Japan, getting engaged isn&amp;rsquo;t strictly just proposing. You&amp;rsquo;re really not
   1398 truly engaged until you&amp;rsquo;ve &amp;lsquo;officially&amp;rsquo; proposed, which means not just deciding
   1399 to get married, but getting together with the finacées parents and proposing to
   1400 them. A long time ago, one might typically say &lt;em&gt;O-jou-san o boku ni kudasai.&lt;/em&gt;
   1401 &amp;ldquo;Please give me your [honourable] daughter.&amp;rdquo; I decided I&amp;rsquo;d pass on that line.&lt;/p&gt;
   1402 &lt;p&gt;In any case, after a few trips back and forth to Kyoto, we settled on a
   1403 Japanese ceremony just before noon, followed by a party with friends and family
   1404 at a restaurant. The &lt;em&gt;nijikai&lt;/em&gt; party in Tokyo will be western-style, but we
   1405 haven’t even begun to think about when or where yet.&lt;/p&gt;
   1406 &lt;p&gt;For those questioning the sanity of a November wedding, keep in mind that in
   1407 Japan, this is &lt;em&gt;kōyō&lt;/em&gt; season, when all the leaves turn red and Japan is at its
   1408 most beautiful. As Fall and Spring are the two most beautiful seasons in Japan,
   1409 we were lucky to reserve when we did, back in April. Even then, some
   1410 restaurants we talked to were already booked solid until mid-December.&lt;/p&gt;
   1411 &lt;p&gt;In any case, with the shrine and restaurant out of the way, all we have left to
   1412 figure out is wedding rings, kimonos, invitations, flowers, food, gifts,
   1413 speeches, photos, &amp;hellip;&lt;/p&gt;
   1414 </description>
   1415     </item>
   1416     
   1417     <item>
   1418       <title>Bonjour, Bon Vespre!</title>
   1419       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2005/05/bonjour-bon-vespre/</link>
   1420       <pubDate>Wed, 11 May 2005 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1421       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1422       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2005/05/bonjour-bon-vespre/</guid>
   1423       <description>&lt;p&gt;Just how far can you travel in a week and a half? It turns out pretty far.
   1424 Combining planes, trains, ships, and automobiles, Yasuko and I travelled, all
   1425 told, roughly 22,100 km over the Golden Week holiday.&lt;/p&gt;
   1426 &lt;p&gt;From Tokyo to Avignon, on to Marseille, then Arles and Nîmes, followed by
   1427 Carcassonne, Perpignan, and Barcelona, before heading back to Paris and home to
   1428 Tokyo in 12 days wasn&amp;rsquo;t bad… Especially considering the car was a Fiat.&lt;/p&gt;
   1429 </description>
   1430     </item>
   1431     
   1432     <item>
   1433       <title>桜吹雪</title>
   1434       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2005/04/sakura-fubuki/</link>
   1435       <pubDate>Sat, 09 Apr 2005 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1436       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1437       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2005/04/sakura-fubuki/</guid>
   1438       <description>&lt;p&gt;Last weekend, the temperature shot up to 23 degrees, and in the space of two
   1439 days, the cherry blossom trees erupted into bloom. The Japanese take this
   1440 opportunity to throw impromptu picnics, dinners, and random sake-drinking
   1441 events under &lt;a href=&#34;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_blossom&#34;&gt;sakura&lt;/a&gt; trees all across the country.&lt;/p&gt;
   1442 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2005-04-09-sakura.jpg&#34;
   1443     alt=&#34;Cherry blossoms near Naka-Meguro&#34;&gt;
   1444 &lt;/figure&gt;
   1445 
   1446 &lt;p&gt;The street behind my building is lined with sakura for as far as you can walk,
   1447 so it’s been packed with everyone in the neighbourhood until almost midnight
   1448 every night this week. With the cherry blossoms falling like snow since this
   1449 morning, the whole thing will be over with by early next week, so Yasuko and I
   1450 plan to get in one last hana-mi event tomorrow evening before heading back to
   1451 work on Monday.&lt;/p&gt;
   1452 </description>
   1453     </item>
   1454     
   1455     <item>
   1456       <title>Huh?</title>
   1457       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2005/03/huh/</link>
   1458       <pubDate>Tue, 29 Mar 2005 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1459       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1460       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2005/03/huh/</guid>
   1461       <description>&lt;p&gt;As I stared blankly out the window of the train on my morning commute,
   1462 something caught my eye. As the train flew along its raised track, whizzing
   1463 past the rooftops of Gakugei-daigaku at 80 km/h, I swear I saw a guy
   1464 standing on the roof of a building alongside the track, dressed in a red cape
   1465 and wearing a giant fish on his head, wailing away on a guitar.&lt;/p&gt;
   1466 &lt;p&gt;He was gone from my view before I was able to catch a second glance, though.&lt;/p&gt;
   1467 &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Update (2008-03-20):&lt;/em&gt; I’m glad he’s &lt;a href=&#34;http://jiyugaoka.keizai.biz/headline/171/&#34;&gt;not just a figment of my imagination&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
   1468 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2005-03-29-gakugeidai.jpg&#34;
   1469     alt=&#34;Man with fish on head playing guitar&#34;&gt;
   1470 &lt;/figure&gt;
   1471 
   1472 &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Update (2011-04-27):&lt;/em&gt; Found a &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DbvxgmEAtE&#34;&gt;YouTube video&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
   1473 </description>
   1474     </item>
   1475     
   1476     <item>
   1477       <title>明けましておめでとうございます!</title>
   1478       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2005/01/akemashite-omedetou/</link>
   1479       <pubDate>Wed, 05 Jan 2005 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1480       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1481       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2005/01/akemashite-omedetou/</guid>
   1482       <description>&lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2005-01-05-yasaka.jpg&#34;
   1483     alt=&#34;Buddhist monk ringing bell&#34;&gt;
   1484 &lt;/figure&gt;
   1485 
   1486 &lt;p&gt;今年も宜しくお願いします!Jumped on the Nozomi Shinkansen from Shin-Yokohama
   1487 station on the 31st to arrive in Kyoto two hours later. It was dumping snow
   1488 from Nagoya onwards; and by the time we hit Kyoto, about 10 cm had
   1489 accumulated.&lt;/p&gt;
   1490 &lt;p&gt;After stopping by friends’ for the traditional osechi-ryouri and soba dinner,
   1491 Yasuko and I did hatsumoude at Yasaka shrine from 11 at night until 2 in the
   1492 morning in the midst of the blizzard.&lt;/p&gt;
   1493 &lt;p&gt;Spent the next few days shopping in Kyoto, visiting more friends, and
   1494 re-visiting shrines and temples before heading back to Tokyo on the 3rd—though
   1495 on the return trip, I had to stand from Nagoya onwards since the trains were
   1496 booked to 120%.&lt;/p&gt;
   1497 </description>
   1498     </item>
   1499     
   1500     <item>
   1501       <title>Fresh Snow</title>
   1502       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2004/12/fresh-snow/</link>
   1503       <pubDate>Thu, 30 Dec 2004 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1504       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1505       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2004/12/fresh-snow/</guid>
   1506       <description>&lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2004-12-30-fuji.jpg&#34;
   1507     alt=&#34;View of Mt. Fuji from Ebisu Garden Place&#34;&gt;
   1508 &lt;/figure&gt;
   1509 
   1510 &lt;p&gt;I came into work to a nice surprise this morning. Sipping on hot green tea, we
   1511 all crowded around the windows to check out the view.&lt;/p&gt;
   1512 &lt;p&gt;With the recent cold snap, the views this morning are incredibly clear. A
   1513 little less so when passed through the tiny lens of my cell-phone camera. To
   1514 see it in person, it really does dominate the horizon; and at over 100km away,
   1515 that’s a pretty big feat.&lt;/p&gt;
   1516 </description>
   1517     </item>
   1518     
   1519     <item>
   1520       <title>寒い!</title>
   1521       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2004/12/samui/</link>
   1522       <pubDate>Thu, 09 Dec 2004 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1523       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1524       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2004/12/samui/</guid>
   1525       <description>&lt;p&gt;With the last days of 2004 upon us, it appears the weather has taken a turn
   1526 from the relative warmth of November and December to plummet sub-zero
   1527 overnight. What started as a light flurry this morning has progressed to a
   1528 full-out blizzard, and it’s still coming down like crazy as I write
   1529 this.&lt;/p&gt;
   1530 &lt;p&gt;In unrelated news, I’m off to Kyoto for Oshogatsu from the 31st to the 3rd.
   1531 This time, I swear I’ll post pictures!&lt;/p&gt;
   1532 &lt;p&gt;Hope everyone had a happy Christmas. See you in 2005!&lt;/p&gt;
   1533 </description>
   1534     </item>
   1535     
   1536     <item>
   1537       <title>Apartment Hunting</title>
   1538       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2004/11/apartment-hunting/</link>
   1539       <pubDate>Thu, 04 Nov 2004 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1540       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1541       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2004/11/apartment-hunting/</guid>
   1542       <description>&lt;p&gt;Through a stroke of luck, I think I may have actually found a permanent place
   1543 to live in Jiyugaoka close to Toritsu Daigaku station.&lt;/p&gt;
   1544 &lt;p&gt;I have my current apartment in Ebisu until the 30th, so the plan is to move the
   1545 weekend of the 27th. In the meantime, to placate people asking for pictures,
   1546 here’s the view from my balcony here in Ebisu. The upside is that Ebisu is an
   1547 incredibly central location in Tokyo with a ton of great restaurants; the
   1548 downside is that tea costs 735 yen at the coffee shop across the way.&lt;/p&gt;
   1549 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2004-11-04-balcony.jpg&#34;
   1550     alt=&#34;Tokyo Tower viewed from Ebisu Garden Place&#34;&gt;
   1551 &lt;/figure&gt;
   1552 
   1553 </description>
   1554     </item>
   1555     
   1556     <item>
   1557       <title>東京に引越しする!</title>
   1558       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2004/09/tokyo-ni-hikkoshi/</link>
   1559       <pubDate>Wed, 15 Sep 2004 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1560       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1561       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2004/09/tokyo-ni-hikkoshi/</guid>
   1562       <description>&lt;p&gt;After two years back in Canada and several trips back and forth to Japan, I’ve
   1563 signed a full-time contract as a software developer with a firm in Tokyo and am
   1564 permanently re-locating to Japan. I’ll post pictures as soon as I can get
   1565 around to it.&lt;/p&gt;
   1566 </description>
   1567     </item>
   1568     
   1569     <item>
   1570       <title>New York, NY, USA</title>
   1571       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2004/09/new-york-ny-usa/</link>
   1572       <pubDate>Thu, 09 Sep 2004 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1573       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1574       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2004/09/new-york-ny-usa/</guid>
   1575       <description>&lt;p&gt;Flew out to New York for interviews with Tokyo via videoconference on the 9th
   1576 and 10th. More details later, but I’ll post pictures now.&lt;/p&gt;
   1577 </description>
   1578     </item>
   1579     
   1580     <item>
   1581       <title>Summer 2004 in Japan</title>
   1582       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2004/08/summer-2004-in-japan/</link>
   1583       <pubDate>Fri, 20 Aug 2004 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1584       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1585       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2004/08/summer-2004-in-japan/</guid>
   1586       <description>&lt;p&gt;I had originally planned my summer vacations for May, then July, and finally,
   1587 in an effort to match my summer vacations with those of friends in Japan, ended
   1588 up shuffling them back to August. Aside from the scorching heat, August is a
   1589 fantastic time of year to visit. The heat this summer was more than a little
   1590 bit scorching though, it was the hottest summer in ten years.&lt;/p&gt;
   1591 &lt;p&gt;It turned out, however, that I would have something more pressing than the
   1592 weather to keep my mind busy though. In the middle of the night, somewhere over
   1593 the Pacific ocean I woke up from my sleep in a cold sweat. My heart was
   1594 pounding. The airplane cabin was surprisingly silent; everyone around me had
   1595 dozed off to sleep and all that was left was the low drone of the jet engines
   1596 and the gentle hiss of the air vents. Slowly, I reached for the back pocket of
   1597 my backpack. My hands trembling, I unzipped it and slowly pulled it open. With
   1598 a huge sigh of relief, I pulled out my wallet. I hadn’t forgotten it at home
   1599 after all. Dropping it back in, I turned back toward the window and fell back
   1600 asleep. It wasn&amp;rsquo;t until the next day in Osaka, as I opened my wallet to pay for
   1601 my hotel that I realised I’d forgotten my bank card at home.&lt;/p&gt;
   1602 &lt;p&gt;This would not have been a problem, except that in a flash of brilliance, I had
   1603 decided to forgo the usual traveller’s cheques and use post office bank
   1604 machines to withdraw from my accounts back home. This had worked fantastically
   1605 last year and would save the hassle of cashing traveller’s cheques at a bank.
   1606 Fortunately I had a credit card on me. Unfortunately, Canadian credit cards
   1607 can’t be used to withdraw more than 20,000 yen a day, and then only at special
   1608 Visa bank machines which tend to be incredibly hard to find. Or, as I would
   1609 find out, impossible to find outside of Osaka or Tokyo. Fortunately I was able
   1610 to get hold of Mum on the phone relatively quickly, and she FedEx’ed the card
   1611 to Yasuko in Tokyo. By my math, I had just enough cash to buy Shinkansen
   1612 tickets to Shizuoka, then Tokyo. All I had to do was ensure that I reserved a
   1613 hotel in Shizuoka that accepted Canadian credit cards. No problem.&lt;/p&gt;
   1614 &lt;p&gt;I spent the first night in the Umeda ward of Osaka, mostly because it’s so
   1615 close to Osaka station, and I was planning to catch the train first thing next
   1616 morning out through Kyoto, then Otsu, to Imazu-cho to meet Annie. Aside from
   1617 spending most of the next day in Osaka desperately seeking out Visa ATMs, I
   1618 can’t say I had that bad a time. Well, the weather was alright anyway.&lt;/p&gt;
   1619 &lt;p&gt;Annie put me up for a few days in Imazu-cho, where I had the chance to meet up
   1620 with some friends from last year, and do a little exploring of nearby bits of
   1621 Shiga-ken. Caught the ferry out to Chikubushima, an island just 30 minutes out
   1622 from shore into Lake Biwa. The amazing thing about Chikubushima is the temples
   1623 and shrines you find in this remote location. The wood for the buildings did
   1624 not come from the island itself, but was ferried out by hand hundreds of years
   1625 ago. Chikubushima is one of several locations in Japan where the godess of
   1626 artistic inclinations, Benzaiten, is worshipped. Benzaiten, or Benten as she is
   1627 more often called, is the only female among the Shichifukujin¹ and is often
   1628 depicted as a woman carrying a lute. As she is a river godess, temples and
   1629 shrines dedicated to her often appear on lakes or near water.&lt;/p&gt;
   1630 &lt;p&gt;After a few days in Imazu, I decided to head to Shizuoka. The best way to get
   1631 there was to catch local trains to Maibara station, on the other side of the
   1632 lake, then take the Shinkansen from there to Shizuoka. As I was running a
   1633 little late, I ended up sprinting through Imazu, suitcase in tow, to the train
   1634 station. With 100m to go, I saw the train pull into the station, so I threw it
   1635 into high gear. I quickly bought the 900 yen ticket from the ticket agent, who
   1636 told me to run for track 3, and remember to change trains at Nagahama station.
   1637 I sprinted up the stairs, and threw myself headlong through the train doors
   1638 seconds before they closed. 20 minutes later, the train driver called Nagahama
   1639 station over the crackly radio, and I hopped off. I was the only one. The train
   1640 pulled away, and I was left standing on the train platform with nothing but the
   1641 scorching heat and humidity, and the chirping of cicadas. It was then that I
   1642 read the station name: Nagahara. I’d misheard the name. There would surely be
   1643 another train in ten minutes though, so I staggered down the stairs and noticed
   1644 the utter lack of automatic ticket gates.&lt;/p&gt;
   1645 &lt;p&gt;An old woman sat in the station-master’s booth. She looked up at me with a
   1646 half-surprised, half-worried expression and asked me for my ticket. I handed it
   1647 over. Noticing the apparent discrepancy in train fare she asked, “where are you
   1648 headed?” I answered “Maibara.” She said, “that’s on the other side of the lake.
   1649 You’re at Nagahara.” I said “I know. I’d meant to change at Nagahama…” at which
   1650 point she started laughing. ”The next train’s in three hours.” Three hours. I
   1651 asked when the next train to Oumi-Shiotsu station was. It was one station to
   1652 the north, at the junction of two train lines, so there’d be a much better
   1653 chance of catching an earlier train. She said ”That&amp;rsquo;s the one. The next train
   1654 anywhere is three hours from now. There’s a bus in two though. Or I could call
   1655 a taxi, if that would help.” Maibara had to be at least 80km from here. No way
   1656 I could afford a taxi. But I could probably get a taxi to Oumi-Shiotsu, which I
   1657 did. And was laughed at some more over my mistake.&lt;/p&gt;
   1658 &lt;p&gt;Turned out I wasn’t the only one. When I arrived at Oumi-Shiotsu, I was greeted
   1659 by three Japanese backpackers from Kyushu who’d apparently gotten off at
   1660 Nagahara the day before, and decided to stay the night at a nearby hotspring
   1661 and continue on to Maibara the next day. We sat for an hour, jumped on the
   1662 train, and eventually arrived at Nagahama, changed trains, and completed the
   1663 journey to Maibara. From there, it was the Kodama Shinkansen to Shizuoka.&lt;/p&gt;
   1664 &lt;p&gt;I crashed the night in Shizuoka, then spent the next day exploring town. I
   1665 visited Sumpu-jou, a small castle in central Shizuoka, and Sumpu-jou Kouen, a
   1666 nearby park where I was invited in to try a whole series of green teas.
   1667 Shizuoka is famous for green tea, and as I had been the only foreigner that
   1668 week, I was treated to a detailed history of tea cultivation in the area, an
   1669 explanation of the many varieties and styles of green tea, and a pile of free
   1670 desserts! They asked if I had some spare time, as they’d love to take me on a
   1671 guided tour of the rest of the teahouse, and show me the private gardens in the
   1672 back. It was pretty spectacular.&lt;/p&gt;
   1673 &lt;p&gt;After Sumpu-jou Kouen, I tried to find a bank machine that would allow me to do
   1674 a cash advance on my credit card, but finally gave up while I still had my
   1675 sanity. I bought a Shinkansen ticket for Tokyo with the plan to meet Setsuko at
   1676 Tennodai station at 9pm.&lt;/p&gt;
   1677 &lt;p&gt;On the train, I met a professor with the Shimizu Univeristy Naval Engineering
   1678 school, and we ended up chatting the entire way to Tokyo. He was originally
   1679 from Kyoto, but had lived in Holland for years, and half-way through the
   1680 conversation, I discovered that he also spoke flawless English. He was
   1681 incredibly polite and put up with my fairly dodgy Japanese the entire way. It
   1682 was pretty good practice for me, though we did switch to English as the
   1683 conversation got into ship-building and a few other topics I knew nothing about
   1684 in Japanese.&lt;/p&gt;
   1685 &lt;p&gt;In the end, I got to Ueno station a little bit early, stuffed my suitcase in a
   1686 locker, and ended up exploring the park for a few hours. I ended up doing a
   1687 huge survey on what I thought of Ueno Park, which was also great Japanese
   1688 practice, and I got a free pen out of the deal, to boot. I also discovered a
   1689 big festival going on at the far end of the park, near a temple that Yasuko and
   1690 I had visited last year. I wandered past the booths selling onigiri² and
   1691 kaki-kori³, listened to the music, took some pictures, and stopped by the
   1692 temple for a bit. It sits in the middle of a large pond full of blossoming
   1693 lotus flowers, and combined with the smell of incense wafting over the pond, it
   1694 makes for a very peaceful experience.&lt;/p&gt;
   1695 &lt;p&gt;Eventually, I grabbed some onigiri and headed back to the train station to
   1696 catch the next train for Tennodai, in Chiba. Got there just in time, sat down
   1697 and waited on the platform for Setsuko, who arrived 5 minutes later. It was
   1698 crazy to see her again on the other side of the world. We headed off to the
   1699 supermarket, grabbed some food for dinner, and headed back to her apartment to
   1700 eat.&lt;/p&gt;
   1701 &lt;p&gt;The next day, we did some shopping around Kashiwa station in Chiba, and I ended
   1702 up ordering a hand-made traditional futon. They measured me, we selected
   1703 fabrics and they said to come back in ten days to pick it up. Grabbed some
   1704 chinese food for lunch and some snacks, and did a bit more shopping. Eventually
   1705 we headed back, and I went to sleep. I remember being woken by an earthquake at
   1706 about 2am, but falling back asleep before it was even over. I can’t stay awake
   1707 for long on futons; they’re incredibly comfortable.&lt;/p&gt;
   1708 &lt;p&gt;Yasuko and I arranged to meet at Shinagawa station early the next morning under
   1709 the big clock by the central ticket gates. It was great to see her again, and
   1710 we immediately bolted off to drop my gear at the apartment in Shinagawa she’d
   1711 rented and head out for lunch at an Italian place nearby. The rest of the week
   1712 was spent eating some of the most amazing sushi, soba, French, and Italian food
   1713 you can imagine, and checking out two huge fireworks festivals. Aside from all
   1714 the eating, we also visited art galleries in Ueno park, and did a bit of
   1715 shopping in Jiyuugaoka and Ginza. I got to visit Apple’s flagship Ginza store
   1716 which is a noble goal for any true Mac fanatic. Well, technically I also needed
   1717 a new AC adapter, since I’d accidentally destroyed mine earlier in the day.&lt;/p&gt;
   1718 &lt;p&gt;After a week in Tokyo, it was off on a business trip to Oita, on Kyushu. I’d
   1719 never been to southern Japan before, and I was looking forward to meeting some
   1720 of my Japanese counterparts for work after many email conversations. Not only
   1721 did I get to visit a Japanese shipyard and see firsthand the incredible
   1722 precision with which they manufacture their vessels, but I also got to visit a
   1723 rural Japanese town, and meet Matsumoto-san and Kato-san, who treated me to
   1724 some of the most memorable karaoke of my life. After the business trip to
   1725 Nagasaki, we headed out for one last night together, with an amazing
   1726 traditional Kyushu-style sashimi and sushi dinner, and karaoke until two in the
   1727 morning.&lt;/p&gt;
   1728 &lt;p&gt;For my final day in Japan, I was scheduled to fly out of Oita airport, arriving
   1729 at Tokyo Haneda airport at 12:15. At 5pm, my return flight to Canada departed
   1730 Tokyo Narita airport. In the intervening 3 hours, the brilliant plan was to
   1731 jump from train to train at breakneck pace and make it to Togoshi-ginza station
   1732 to meet Yasuko for lunch, then jump straight back on the train and make it out
   1733 to Narita just in time for my flight. I made every single train as the doors
   1734 were closing. Literally, with under two seconds to spare every time&amp;hellip; but we
   1735 did have a fantastic Italian lunch, and make it to the airport with such
   1736 impeccable timing that by the time I arrived at the gate, everyone had boarded
   1737 but ten people. You can’t cut it much closer than that.&lt;/p&gt;
   1738 &lt;p&gt;Once again, one of the most memorable trips of my life. The best part is that
   1739 I’ll be permanently moving back to Japan within a couple of months, so I’ll be
   1740 even closer to all the places I’ve been looking forward to visiting. Thanks to
   1741 everyone who put me up again this year: Annie, Setsuko, and Yasuko! I can’t
   1742 wait to be back.&lt;/p&gt;
   1743 &lt;h3 id=&#34;glossary&#34;&gt;Glossary&lt;/h3&gt;
   1744 &lt;ol&gt;
   1745 &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Shichifukujin:&lt;/em&gt; The seven gods of good luck.&lt;/li&gt;
   1746 &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Onigiri:&lt;/em&gt; Rice balls, often stuffed with pickled plum or fish.&lt;/li&gt;
   1747 &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;kaki-kori:&lt;/em&gt; Shaved ice covered in flavoured syrup such as strawberry,
   1748 blueberry, or green tea.&lt;/li&gt;
   1749 &lt;/ol&gt;
   1750 </description>
   1751     </item>
   1752     
   1753     <item>
   1754       <title>End of Season</title>
   1755       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2004/04/end-of-season/</link>
   1756       <pubDate>Wed, 14 Apr 2004 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1757       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1758       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2004/04/end-of-season/</guid>
   1759       <description>&lt;p&gt;Two last ski trips for the year. The first, at Mt. Washington, saw a beautiful
   1760 attempt at a forward flip by Kevin, and Pippa ripping it up. For the second, I
   1761 burned off on the 10 hour trek to Nelson, where Trav skiied until he dropped
   1762 and I tried out the new Rossignol B2s.&lt;/p&gt;
   1763 </description>
   1764     </item>
   1765     
   1766     <item>
   1767       <title>Mt. Washington</title>
   1768       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2004/03/mt-washington/</link>
   1769       <pubDate>Mon, 08 Mar 2004 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1770       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1771       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2004/03/mt-washington/</guid>
   1772       <description>&lt;p&gt;Put a group of idiots together on skis and boards, and you’ve got a guaranteed
   1773 recipe for a good time. Tom managed a sweet 360 and Matt successfully pulled
   1774 off half a backflip.&lt;/p&gt;
   1775 </description>
   1776     </item>
   1777     
   1778     <item>
   1779       <title>Biking Japan 2003</title>
   1780       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2003/08/biking-japan-2003/</link>
   1781       <pubDate>Sun, 17 Aug 2003 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1782       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1783       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2003/08/biking-japan-2003/</guid>
   1784       <description>&lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2003-08-17-cycling-in-japan.jpg&#34;
   1785     alt=&#34;Brodie bike parked beside vending machines in front of restaurant&#34;&gt;
   1786 &lt;/figure&gt;
   1787 
   1788 &lt;p&gt;The plan was to travel from Osaka north to the Japan Sea, northeast along the
   1789 coast to Joetsu, south through the alps to Nagano, then southeast all the way
   1790 to Tokyo — a total distance of close to 1200 km, entirely by bicycle.&lt;/p&gt;
   1791 &lt;p&gt;Unfortunately for me, disaster struck just over half-way, in the form of
   1792 150km/h winds and torrential downpours. Typhoon Number 10 ploughed straight
   1793 through Japan, following a track from the island of Shikoku through Nagano
   1794 before it died out, dumping up to 650mm of rain a day, and flooding out every
   1795 town and village in its path.&lt;/p&gt;
   1796 &lt;p&gt;I arrived in Osaka the night of July 28th and promptly hauled my bike,
   1797 panniers, and tools through customs and immigration, across the airport, and
   1798 into a hotel. I’m not entirely sure how happy they were to have a
   1799 grotty-looking guy assembling his bike in his hotel room overnight, but no one
   1800 said anything, and I snuck out around 6am anyway.&lt;/p&gt;
   1801 &lt;p&gt;It’s unbelievable just how slowly you start and stop when your bike is loaded
   1802 with 40kg of gear. Sort of the cycling equivalent of driving an 18-wheeler. The
   1803 weather was a scorching 36C, with the humidity hovering around 85%. Over the
   1804 first 70km from Osaka Itami Airport to downtown Kyoto, I consumed 8 litres of
   1805 Dakara, Boku, Miu, and the oh-so-deliciously named Poccari Sweat, crashed
   1806 twice, and got lost every 5 minutes. Took a break in Kyoto, stopping by to take
   1807 a look at Sanjuusan Gendo, take some pictures, and chat with Taxi drivers, the
   1808 police, and anyone else who wanted to know just what the hell I was doing.&lt;/p&gt;
   1809 &lt;p&gt;Eventually, after a few more Poccari Sweats and some ramen for lunch, I jumped
   1810 on my bike and started the trek to Otsu. Half an hour later, winding my way
   1811 slowly uphill, along a narrow shoulder on a bridge 30m above a cemetary, I had
   1812 the first major close call of the ride. Fortunately, through a combination of
   1813 luck and skill, I deftly avoided flying over the railing and plummeting 30m to
   1814 my death. Unfortunately, I did so by launching myself headlong into a traffic
   1815 barrier, failing to release my toe-clips, breaking the seat right off the post,
   1816 and trashing both my leg and pannier on the pavement in the process. Pretty
   1817 sure my leg was broken, I lay there for a few minutes contemplating the
   1818 resounding success of my bike trip thusfar while the last of the Poccari Sweat
   1819 drained out of my water bottles into my shoes.&lt;/p&gt;
   1820 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2003-08-17-fireworks-in-fukui.jpg&#34;
   1821     alt=&#34;Fireworks in Fukui&#34;&gt;
   1822 &lt;/figure&gt;
   1823 
   1824 &lt;p&gt;Suffice to say that the rest of the day went uphill from there (both literally
   1825 and figuratively) and I arrived in Otsu, on the edge of lake Biwa, in one
   1826 piece. Annie met me at the JR train station, we ditched the bike in a parking
   1827 lot, and rode the train back to Kyoto, where we met up with the entire
   1828 complement of Shiga JET Programme teachers at The Hub, an Irish Pub in
   1829 Karamachi. After a few beers, some fish &amp;amp; chips and edamame, Annie and Brent
   1830 hauled me back to their apartment in Imazu, where they (and I am forever
   1831 indebted to them for this) put me up for three days.&lt;/p&gt;
   1832 &lt;p&gt;Although I didn’t get to go to SummerSonic in Osaka, I did get to pick up my
   1833 bike in Otsu, ride 95km back north to Imazu, and spend the evening at Imazu’s
   1834 Natsu-matsuri¹ with friends of Annie’s and Brent’s (Josh, Yo, and Hatsumi).
   1835 Natsu-matsuris involve many elements, but some of the most important factors
   1836 are: fireworks that put ours to shame, music and dancing, traditional Yukata²,
   1837 and vast quantites of food and alcohol. After the festival, we dragged
   1838 ourselves to Bumblebee Twist, a local bar, and had a few more before eventually
   1839 hauling ourselves off to bed to recover.&lt;/p&gt;
   1840 &lt;p&gt;The next day, we were all invited to a barbeque. The one thing that any
   1841 foreigner will immediately notice about a Japanese barbeque is that you can’t
   1842 just light the barbeque using zip-lights or lighter fluid. No&amp;hellip; the correct
   1843 way to light a barbeque in Japan is for one person to heat the coals with a
   1844 torch while the rest stand around fanning the flames with uchiwas³ until the
   1845 barbeque, in a moment of glory, bursts into flames and the cooking begins. We
   1846 had music, more food, beer and Chu-hai (a sort of cider), snacks, and more
   1847 fireworks. It was totally great, even though I was beat over and over at some
   1848 kind of pirate game by a three-year-old.&lt;/p&gt;
   1849 &lt;p&gt;The next morning, I said bye to Annie and Brent, then hurled myself off
   1850 northwards up the highway towards the north coast. For 30km, the road winds up
   1851 through the mountains over a narrow pass toward Tsuruga. In the scariest
   1852 downhill of the entire ride, I plummeted down the winding road, drafting behind
   1853 semi-trucks at 70km/h, flying in and out of tunnels and around hairpin turns
   1854 for the 8km down into Tsuruga.&lt;/p&gt;
   1855 &lt;p&gt;Tsuruga sits on the ocean at the edge of the Sea of Japan, at the beginning of
   1856 the long road leading northeast to Fukui and Kanazawa. Unfortunately, it also
   1857 sits at the beginning of a 95km-long leg of straight uphill running along the
   1858 edge of a cliff with no shoulder. Fortunately, it’s some of the most beautiful
   1859 riding you could possibly hope for. Even more fortunately, midway through the
   1860 ride, as I sat at the side of the road huddling in a tiny corner of shade at
   1861 the edge of a cliff, two motorcyclists from Osaka pulled up and offered me
   1862 something to drink, a look at their road maps, and some encouragement in
   1863 Kansai-dialect. This was reinforced over and over throughout my ride by
   1864 children hanging out of car windows waving and shouting &amp;ldquo;ganbare!&amp;rdquo; at the top
   1865 of their lungs.&lt;/p&gt;
   1866 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2003-08-17-lining-up-for-okonomiyaki.jpg&#34;
   1867     alt=&#34;Lining up for okonomiyaki&#34;&gt;
   1868 &lt;/figure&gt;
   1869 
   1870 &lt;p&gt;Eventually, I wound my way up through the mountains to Fukui, where I almost
   1871 had to spend the night camped on a park-bench by the river. Just when I’d
   1872 almost given up hope of finding a hostel, someone walked up to me and in
   1873 perfect English, asked if I needed a place to stay for the night. Turns out her
   1874 family ran a hotel downtown, and she and her sister had spent several years
   1875 living in Australia. Their mom invited me in for tea and snacks after dinner
   1876 and we all stayed up late with their little boy, Ryu, yakking about travelling
   1877 and good Japanese food.&lt;/p&gt;
   1878 &lt;p&gt;The next day it was off to Kanazawa, which it turns out has a lot in common
   1879 with Kyoto. While it’s much smaller, there were many beautiful old sections of
   1880 town. There are temples and shrines everywhere, Kanazawa Castle and Kenrokuen —
   1881 probably the most famous Japanese garden in the world. There’s also a crazy guy
   1882 dressed in a cape and John Lennon glasses who runs around dragging people to
   1883 convenience stores. Too embarassed not to buy an ice cream treat from the
   1884 shopkeeper, I grabbed some ice-cream mochi balls, borrowed the phone and set up
   1885 reservations for Nagano.&lt;/p&gt;
   1886 &lt;p&gt;Because of the typhoon, I ended up doing the rest of the trip by train. I found
   1887 a bike shop and spent the day yammering away in pseudo-Japanese to the little
   1888 old grandma and grandpa who owned the shop. Turns out that he had done almost
   1889 the exact same bike trip about 40 years ago! He had also cycled across
   1890 Australia and much of the rest of Japan. Pretty amazing! If I hadn’t found
   1891 them, my bike would probably be lying in a crumpled heap in a landfill right
   1892 now. It took hours, be we did manage to pack everything into an unbelievably
   1893 small bag that I could haul onto the train with me.&lt;/p&gt;
   1894 &lt;p&gt;From Kanazawa, I caught the train to Nagano, taking local lines and limited
   1895 express trains the whole way. Nagano was the site of the 1998 Winter Olympic
   1896 Games, but has since reverted to its pre-Olympic small-town feel. It was a
   1897 beautiful place to visit, hidden away in the Japanese alps, surrounded by
   1898 Japanese hot springs and ski hills. I can’t wait to visit in winter. Nagano’s
   1899 biggest feature is probably Zenkouji, a Buddhist Temple which houses the first
   1900 Buddhist images to come to Japan from the Asian mainland. Underneath the temple
   1901 is a pitch-black maze of tunnels that you can wander into, pushed along by wave
   1902 after wave of school-children on field trips, people on pilgrimmages, and
   1903 curious tourists. It’s almost impossible to tell just how fast you’re moving,
   1904 or how far you’ve gone&amp;hellip; just disembodied voices in the dark. Eventually you
   1905 arrive at the “key to salvation”, which you can’t see, but you can feel. A few
   1906 shakes and rattles, then you’re swept away down the tunnels again.&lt;/p&gt;
   1907 &lt;p&gt;From Nagano, I caught the Asama Shinkansen into Tokyo. At 280km/h the trip
   1908 takes just about two hours. The train tore through the edge of the hurricane at
   1909 breakneck speed and we were in Tokyo on schedule to the minute. You can’t help
   1910 but love the Japanese train system.&lt;/p&gt;
   1911 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2003-08-17-akasaka.jpg&#34;
   1912     alt=&#34;Akasaka at night&#34;&gt;
   1913 &lt;/figure&gt;
   1914 
   1915 &lt;p&gt;Met up with Yasuko in Tokyo, and we spent the week bumming around town and
   1916 catching all the sights: Akasaka, Shinjuku, Shibuya, Odaiba, the Tsukiji fish
   1917 market. Took a side trip to the art gallery a few hours away in Hakone
   1918 Prefecture where a mix of European and Japanese art is on display. There were
   1919 some absolutely amazing pieces of Japanese pottery in their collection. Back in
   1920 Tokyo, we had the chance to see a Kabuki play. I wasn’t entirely sure what to
   1921 expect, but it was great. The most striking thing is perhaps the movement. It
   1922 was absolutely incredible. I wish I were able to describe it, but the best I
   1923 can do is recommend that if you’re even in Tokyo, you go see a Kabuki play!&lt;/p&gt;
   1924 &lt;p&gt;I returned home on August 17th. Ate breakfast, lunch and dinner in Tokyo,
   1925 jumped on the plane at 6pm and had another breakfast and lunch. Arrived back in
   1926 Canada 8 hours before I left, and had lunch and dinner again, for a total of
   1927 seven meals on the 17th. Not bad! It was a pretty wild and crazy trip, but it
   1928 was one of the best trips I’ve ever taken. I can’t wait to go back.&lt;/p&gt;
   1929 &lt;p&gt;Thanks to everyone who put me up along the way! In particular, Annie &amp;amp; Brent,
   1930 and Yasuko! You guys are the best!&lt;/p&gt;
   1931 &lt;h3 id=&#34;glossary&#34;&gt;Glossary&lt;/h3&gt;
   1932 &lt;ol&gt;
   1933 &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Natsu-Matsuri:&lt;/em&gt; every village’s traditional summer festival, usually in
   1934 early- to mid-August, near Obon, the Day of the Dead.&lt;/li&gt;
   1935 &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Yukata:&lt;/em&gt; traditional light cotton kimonos that come in a variety of colours
   1936 and patterns.&lt;/li&gt;
   1937 &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Uchiwa:&lt;/em&gt; Large, flat traditional Japanese fan.&lt;/li&gt;
   1938 &lt;/ol&gt;
   1939 </description>
   1940     </item>
   1941     
   1942     <item>
   1943       <title>Site Update</title>
   1944       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2003/04/site-update/</link>
   1945       <pubDate>Tue, 01 Apr 2003 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1946       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1947       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2003/04/site-update/</guid>
   1948       <description>&lt;p&gt;I finally got around to updating and re-organizing the site. It should render
   1949 properly in everything from the latest browser to lynx or a text-based browser
   1950 on a cell phone. All the reports from Mérida are now up, including links to
   1951 photos at the top of each page. The trip home is still a work in progress.&lt;/p&gt;
   1952 </description>
   1953     </item>
   1954     
   1955     <item>
   1956       <title>I am Canadian</title>
   1957       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2003/02/i-am-canadian/</link>
   1958       <pubDate>Fri, 28 Feb 2003 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1959       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1960       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2003/02/i-am-canadian/</guid>
   1961       <description>&lt;p&gt;Since the original &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WMxGVfk09lU&#34;&gt;I am Canadian&lt;/a&gt; ad, Molson has released a slew of
   1962 others, but until recently, I haven’t been too impressed; however, the
   1963 &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Y7fHQiGkH0&#34;&gt;I Am Canadian Anthem&lt;/a&gt; is a hilarious 90-second snapshot of the
   1964 cultural history of this country.&lt;/p&gt;
   1965 </description>
   1966     </item>
   1967     
   1968     <item>
   1969       <title>Back in Canada</title>
   1970       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2002/05/back-in-canada/</link>
   1971       <pubDate>Sun, 26 May 2002 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1972       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1973       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2002/05/back-in-canada/</guid>
   1974       <description>&lt;p&gt;Back in Victoria, B.C. after a two month return home to Canada by land beginning
   1975 in Mérida, Yucatán and continuing through Cuba, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras,
   1976 then all the way back up through Guatemala, México, the U.S. and finally
   1977 across Western Canada.&lt;/p&gt;
   1978 </description>
   1979     </item>
   1980     
   1981     <item>
   1982       <title>Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México</title>
   1983       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2002/04/chetumal-quintana-roo-mexico/</link>
   1984       <pubDate>Thu, 04 Apr 2002 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   1985       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   1986       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2002/04/chetumal-quintana-roo-mexico/</guid>
   1987       <description>&lt;p&gt;As we stepped off the Cubana Ilyushin Il-62 plane at the Cancun airport, I
   1988 literally kissed the ground in happiness. The airport was crowded with people
   1989 snacking on good Mexican food and the sound of shouting and laughter filled the
   1990 air. After all the episodes of trouble, dengue fever, and trying to figure out
   1991 what the hell was actually going on, it was easy to lose sight of just how
   1992 great a country México is, and after Cuba, coming back to México felt like
   1993 coming home.&lt;/p&gt;
   1994 &lt;p&gt;After arrival, the first challenge is getting from the airport to the Cancún
   1995 bus depot. The shuttle bus drivers&amp;rsquo; union has a strangle-hold on travel from
   1996 the airport in Cancun. They charge 75 pesos per person one-way from the airport
   1997 via the major hotels along La Zona Hotelera to the station. If you happen to be
   1998 living on a wage of 50 pesos an hour, this is practically highway robbery.
   1999 However, it turns out that the shuttle bus drivers only have a monopoly on
   2000 travel from the airport; travel to the airport remains entirely unrestricted.
   2001 Those who take a few minutes to sit and relax out front of the airport for a
   2002 few minutes will notice that there is a clever way around this racket.&lt;/p&gt;
   2003 &lt;p&gt;Following the example of the locals, we hauled our backpacks across the parking
   2004 lot, headed out the gates of the airport, and started down the highway in 36
   2005 degree heat. Within moments a taxi skidded to a stop, and the driver, nervously
   2006 glancing out the rear window, motioned to us to get in.&lt;/p&gt;
   2007 &lt;p&gt;We didn&amp;rsquo;t. Instead, we stood at the window asking &amp;ldquo;cuanto cuesta?&amp;rdquo;, to which he
   2008 shouted &amp;ldquo;no importa! vamos amigos!&amp;rdquo;.&lt;/p&gt;
   2009 &lt;p&gt;Still we didn&amp;rsquo;t get in. &amp;ldquo;We&amp;rsquo;ll pay 50 pesos&amp;hellip; for the two of us.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;
   2010 &lt;p&gt;Looking insulted, he replied &amp;ldquo;Are you crazy?! I won&amp;rsquo;t do it for less than 70
   2011 pesos each!&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;
   2012 &lt;p&gt;Glancing back toward the airport we told him &amp;ldquo;That&amp;rsquo;s ridiculous, the bus is 75
   2013 pesos, and besides we don&amp;rsquo;t have that kind of money. We live in Merida; we&amp;rsquo;re
   2014 not rich turistas norteamericanos.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;
   2015 &lt;p&gt;A shuttle bus flew by honking its horn while the driver shook his fist at the
   2016 taxista.&lt;/p&gt;
   2017 &lt;p&gt;&amp;ldquo;Bueno! 110 pesos para los dos! Vamos!&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;
   2018 &lt;p&gt;At 110 pesos, we were still overpaying by Mérida standards, but given that we
   2019 were a 16km walk in scorching heat from the city, I was pretty sure we weren&amp;rsquo;t
   2020 going to get much of a better deal.&lt;/p&gt;
   2021 &lt;p&gt;At the bus depot, we bought tickets for Chetumal, 5 hours to the south, then
   2022 made a dive for the nearest yucatecan restaurant. After weeks of oil-drum
   2023 pizzas and roast ham &amp;amp; cheese sandwiches in Cuba, I savoured every last bite of
   2024 my poc-chuc. We finished our horchata, then climbed into the bus for the trip
   2025 to Chetumal.&lt;/p&gt;
   2026 &lt;p&gt;Confined by the jungle to the southeast corner of Quintana Roo state, and
   2027 squashed between the sea and the Belizean border, Chetumal is the last outpost
   2028 of civilisation before crossing into the jungle to the south. Until the end of
   2029 the 1970s, like much of pre-Cancun Quintana Roo, it was essentially a free zone
   2030 in relatively lawless territory. Trade with British Honduras (now Belize) was
   2031 the foundation of the local economy, and earned it the title of the territory
   2032 (now state) capital. The historical importance of trade gives the city a
   2033 distinct feel from colonial Merida. You can still spot the occasional
   2034 wood-frame house, and the city has a relatively modern atmosphere.&lt;/p&gt;
   2035 &lt;p&gt;Previously named &lt;em&gt;Chactemal&lt;/em&gt;, the city had served as a Mayan capital since
   2036 pre-Columbian times. The first Spanish missionaries arrived the 16th century,
   2037 and the Conquistadors followed soon after. By 1544, the city had fallen to the
   2038 Spaniards and the remaining Maya fled into Belize, leaving the city all but
   2039 abandoned for the next two centuries.&lt;/p&gt;
   2040 &lt;p&gt;At the turn of the 20th century in 1898, Porfirio Diaz, then President of
   2041 Mexico, ordered the establishment of a port at the mouth of the Rio Hondo in
   2042 order to quell the flow of arms across the Belizean border and into the hands
   2043 of the Maya. To this end, the city of Payo Obispo was founded by Othon Blanco
   2044 with the help of Mexicans from the surrounding areas. The economy developed
   2045 quickly and the city grew into the territorial capital by 1915. In 1936, the
   2046 city renamed itself to Chetumal, which it remains to this day.&lt;/p&gt;
   2047 &lt;p&gt;All along the waterfront of Chetumal is a gorgeous walkway. Unlike the
   2048 shimmering blue waters of the north-eastern coast of the Yucatan, the water
   2049 here was more reminiscent of the murky green ocean back home on Vancouver
   2050 Island. The locals are adamant that the water is horrifically ugly, but I
   2051 suppose when your bases for comparison are Playa del Carmen, Cozumel and
   2052 Cancun, that you can afford to be picky.&lt;/p&gt;
   2053 &lt;p&gt;After sunset, as we wandered through the town, snacking on fresh tamales, we
   2054 were stopped by a couple of old men sitting in chairs on the sidewalk in front
   2055 of a saddle shop. They stopped us to ask where we were from and what brought us
   2056 to Chetumal. We explained we were taking a trip to see Guatemala and part of
   2057 Honduras before returning back to México.&lt;/p&gt;
   2058 &lt;p&gt;&amp;ldquo;Why do you want to go to Guatemala? It&amp;rsquo;s a dangerous. It&amp;rsquo;s poor. They have
   2059 nothing. Pickpockets are everywhere, and the people have no dignity left. Life
   2060 is cheap in Guatemala, they&amp;rsquo;ve been surrounded by civil war and death for 30
   2061 years. It&amp;rsquo;s a beautiful country with a terrible history.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;
   2062 &lt;p&gt;That night, we checked into an 80 peso hotel. The employees were huddled around
   2063 the television furiously debating México&amp;rsquo;s loss to the USA in fútbol.&lt;/p&gt;
   2064 &lt;p&gt;&amp;ldquo;The giants defeated us midgets! Look at the size of their players. And the
   2065 Americans don&amp;rsquo;t even care about fútbol! Can you believe this?! This is an
   2066 insult!&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;
   2067 &lt;p&gt;We tried to console them by mentioning that Mexico would be guarateed to put
   2068 Canada to shame. It was the best we could manage. It didn&amp;rsquo;t help much.&lt;/p&gt;
   2069 &lt;p&gt;They shut off the game, and we got to sleep early. Just after the stroke of
   2070 midnight I woke up and, in a final farewell to the bugs I had picked up in
   2071 Cuba, I threw up (in order) the dinner tamale, followed by the entire plate of
   2072 celebratory Poc Chuc I had eaten that afternoon. I felt surprisingly better,
   2073 and fell sound asleep excited about the next day&amp;rsquo;s 12 hour trip down a narrow
   2074 dirt track road through the jungles of Belize and into northern Guatemala.&lt;/p&gt;
   2075 </description>
   2076     </item>
   2077     
   2078     <item>
   2079       <title>Trinidad, Sancti Spiritus, Cuba</title>
   2080       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2002/03/trinidad-sancti-spiritus-cuba/</link>
   2081       <pubDate>Thu, 21 Mar 2002 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   2082       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   2083       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2002/03/trinidad-sancti-spiritus-cuba/</guid>
   2084       <description>&lt;p&gt;Looking down on the ocean from the rolling hills a kilometre away, Trinidad is
   2085 a small, traditional town whose population of 50,000 takes great pride in its
   2086 home. Founded by Diego Velásquez in 1514, Trinidad became a stopover for
   2087 explorers and trading ships travelling to and from México. During the 17th and
   2088 18th centuries, its economy largely depended on trading contraband with
   2089 pirates. The buildings are in incredibly good shape for their age, most of
   2090 which are at least two centuries old. It’s not too tough to see why Trinidad is
   2091 now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.&lt;/p&gt;
   2092 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2002-03-21-trinidad-street.jpg&#34;
   2093     alt=&#34;Street in Trinidad, Cuba&#34;&gt;
   2094 &lt;/figure&gt;
   2095 
   2096 &lt;p&gt;Trinidad is about five hours from Havana by bus, and as with everything in
   2097 Cuba, there are two buses: one for Cubans, with a several hour long line-up,
   2098 and one for people with dollars, with basically no wait at all. Upon pulling
   2099 into Trinidad the bus was swarmed by masses of locals offering a room in a casa
   2100 particular. We ended up being shown one house, but it had been freshly painted
   2101 that afternoon and the fumes were pretty rough, so we set out wandering down
   2102 the streets in the dark. By sheer chance, we ran into an old grandfather
   2103 carrying a bucket and pushing his bike up the rickety cobblestone streets and
   2104 when we asked him if he knew of any places to stay he said that in fact, we
   2105 could stay at his house. This is how our planned two-night stay in Trinidad
   2106 ended up turning into a week-long stay in paradise.&lt;/p&gt;
   2107 &lt;p&gt;Roberto and Elda, their daughter Mercedes, her husband Eddy, and their
   2108 11-year-old son Saúl made our stay in Trinidad one of the most relaxing visits
   2109 we had to anywhere in our travels. We would have breakfast every morning in a
   2110 little courtyard off to the side of the house, spend the mornings wandering the
   2111 cobblestone streets in search of pizza, and the evenings falling asleep to the
   2112 sound of Cuban salsas, merengues, and cha cha chas drifting through the window
   2113 from La Casa de la Trova across the street.&lt;/p&gt;
   2114 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2002-03-21-horse-cart.jpg&#34;
   2115     alt=&#34;Horse-drawn cart driven by man and boy in Trinidad street&#34;&gt;
   2116 &lt;/figure&gt;
   2117 
   2118 &lt;p&gt;While most of the old town is centered around the main plaza, cathedral, and
   2119 clock tower, most of the action seemed to center around the plaza in the newer
   2120 part of town down the hill. Old men sitting on park benches sharing a bottle of
   2121 rum, school children eating peso ice cream, and the occasional black market
   2122 cigar salesman trying to pass off some cigars smuggled out of the local factory
   2123 all milled about the plaza in the hot, sticky heat. A bunch of us sat on our
   2124 park bench watching the old men on the bench across from us get progressively
   2125 more drunk from their homebrew, before eventually falling asleep. One thing
   2126 that anyone visiting Cuba can be assured of is eventually being offered a taste
   2127 of homemade rum. My guess is that neither the recipe nor the distilling of this
   2128 rum has changed much over the past few centuries, so you can be assured that
   2129 your experience will be as blindingly nerve-wracking as that of the colonial
   2130 sailors plying the waters of the Caribbean in the 1600s. Following the initial
   2131 jolt of fermented cane sugar hitting your stomach like a rock is the slow
   2132 nauseating feeling of vertigo creeping over your body; after that, a strange
   2133 queasiness, and finally recovery and swearing it off for life&amp;hellip; or at least
   2134 the next day.&lt;/p&gt;
   2135 &lt;p&gt;A few days into our stay in Trinidad, as we walked down a dark street off the
   2136 plaza, we heard music pouring out through a half-open gate. Peering inside we
   2137 were greeted with the sight of thirty or so people packed into a small dirt
   2138 courtyard, and a small band of grizzled 80-year-old men playing salsas on their
   2139 guitars and trumpets. People had pulled up some old wooden benches and were
   2140 serving mojitos made (I swear) straight rum, some sugar, and crushed mint. A
   2141 woman named Blanquita invited us in, offered us some mojitos and yanked us up
   2142 off the bench to teach us some salsa while chickens scuttled around our feet.
   2143 It was probably my most vivid memory of Cuba.&lt;/p&gt;
   2144 </description>
   2145     </item>
   2146     
   2147     <item>
   2148       <title>La Habana, Cuba</title>
   2149       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2002/03/la-habana/</link>
   2150       <pubDate>Tue, 19 Mar 2002 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   2151       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   2152       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2002/03/la-habana/</guid>
   2153       <description>&lt;p&gt;Havana is a city of contradictions. It’s simultaneously one of the most
   2154 beautiful and most run down cities in the world. It’s hard to imagine how
   2155 things could be any worse, or any better given the Cuba’s political past and
   2156 present.&lt;/p&gt;
   2157 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2002-03-19-old-havana-street.jpg&#34;
   2158     alt=&#34;Run-down street in Old Havana&#34;&gt;
   2159 &lt;/figure&gt;
   2160 
   2161 &lt;p&gt;Havana, along with the rest of Cuba, is the way it is almost purely because of
   2162 politics—some of the most complex politics on the planet. If you like history
   2163 or politics, Cuba is for you.  Cuba’s troubled history begins long before the
   2164 Cuban Missile Crisis, or even before the Revolution of 1959. Ever since
   2165 Christopher Columbus set foot on the Isle of Cuba on October 29th, 1492, one
   2166 nation or another has been fighting over the country. For over half a
   2167 millennium now, politics have affected almost every aspect of life in Cuba.
   2168 It’s amazing that despite all this, Cuban culture is felt worldwide through its
   2169 music, dance, and artistry.&lt;/p&gt;
   2170 &lt;h3 id=&#34;fast-facts&#34;&gt;Fast Facts&lt;/h3&gt;
   2171 &lt;p&gt;Before we get started, here are a few quick facts to clear up a few common
   2172 misconceptions about Cuba:&lt;/p&gt;
   2173 &lt;ul&gt;
   2174 &lt;li&gt;The US embargo was put in place on October 19th, 1960, two years before the
   2175 Cuban Missile Crisis. It was the result of the US Eisenhower Administration’s
   2176 plan to overthrow Castro. This was the result of Cuba nationalizing a lot of
   2177 property sold to the US by Cuba’s former dictator, Fulgencio Batista. In
   2178 1963, after the end of the Missile Crisis, the Kennedy Administration imposed
   2179 a travel ban on US citizens, preventing them from visiting Cuba. Here’s an
   2180 &lt;a href=&#34;http://www.historyofcuba.com/history/funfacts/embargo.htm&#34;&gt;Economic Embargo Timeline&lt;/a&gt;, if you’re interested.&lt;/li&gt;
   2181 &lt;li&gt;In 1959, a group of Cuban revolutionaries, including Fidel Castro and Che
   2182 Guevara, led a popular uprising to overthrow Fulgencio Batista, the
   2183 totalitarian dictator who led Cuba from 1934 to 1959. Under Batista, more
   2184 than a third of the land in Cuba was sold off to US interests. In several
   2185 cases, teachers who worked to alphabetize rural villages were tortured and
   2186 killed by Batista’s private police force, for fear that a literate population
   2187 of farmers would be more likely to favour local land ownership, and oppose
   2188 the dictator. Cuba is now a communist country, and Castro is the elected head
   2189 of state. Elections are supervised by international monitors. They work very
   2190 differently from other western electoral systems, however, since there is
   2191 only one party. Like Canadians, Cubans elect local representatives, who
   2192 select a party leader. In practise, Castro has been re-elected President by
   2193 party officials in every election since the Revolution.  Here’s some more
   2194 information on &lt;a href=&#34;http://dodgson.ucsd.edu/las/cuba/1990-2001.htm&#34;&gt;elections in Cuba&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
   2195 &lt;li&gt;Today, Cuba’s population is highly educated. The current literacy rate is
   2196 approximately 97%—the same as Canada’s. Before the revolution, the overall
   2197 literacy rate was 23.6%. Castro’s guerrilla manifesto of 1957 included an
   2198 immediate literacy and education campaign, with the slogan &amp;lsquo;Revolution and
   2199 Education are the same thing.&amp;rsquo;&lt;/li&gt;
   2200 &lt;li&gt;It’s illegal to form a party other than the Communist Party, and people live
   2201 under fairly strict supervision by the government compared to most western
   2202 nations.  The movement of Cubans is restricted by the government. The
   2203 Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs maintains a &lt;a href=&#34;https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/cuba&#34;&gt;fact page&lt;/a&gt;
   2204 on Cuba, as does &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/cu.html&#34;&gt;the CIA&lt;/a&gt; in the United States.&lt;/li&gt;
   2205 &lt;li&gt;Cuba’s media is not entirely restricted, and Cubans can tune in to Miami and
   2206 Mexican radio stations. The national newspaper, Granma is published by the
   2207 Communist Party and is &lt;a href=&#34;http://www.granma.cu/&#34;&gt;available online&lt;/a&gt; in several languages.&lt;/li&gt;
   2208 &lt;/ul&gt;
   2209 &lt;p&gt;I was going to include a quick whirlwind tour of the history of Cuba here. I
   2210 started on it, but by the time I got to the late 19th century it was already
   2211 ten paragraphs long. Instead, if you want an excellent point-form history, have
   2212 a look at &lt;a href=&#34;http://www.historyofcuba.com/&#34;&gt;A History of Cuba&lt;/a&gt;. If you want something more in
   2213 depth, specifically focusing on US-Cuban relations, the multi-volume set &lt;em&gt;A
   2214 History of Cuba and its relations with The United States&lt;/em&gt; by Philip S. Foner is
   2215 excellent.&lt;/p&gt;
   2216 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2002-03-19-old-havana-door.jpg&#34;
   2217     alt=&#34;Crumbling doorway in Old Havana&#34;&gt;
   2218 &lt;/figure&gt;
   2219 
   2220 &lt;h3 id=&#34;arrival-in-havana&#34;&gt;Arrival in Havana&lt;/h3&gt;
   2221 &lt;p&gt;The flight to Cuba was probably the craziest flights I’ve ever experienced. We
   2222 boarded the ancient, Soviet-built Cubana Yak-42 jet in Cancún and took our
   2223 seats. The first thing we noticed as we sat down was that the safety
   2224 instruction cards were printed in Russian. The second, and more alarming thing
   2225 we noticed was that smoke was slowly filling the cabin. The flight attendants
   2226 assured people that it was just steam, and that it was totally normal. By the
   2227 time we landed in Cuba, The cabin was filled chest high and we couldn’t see our
   2228 knees anymore. We got off the plane as quickly as possible, were packed into a
   2229 rickety old East-German bus and carted off to immigration.  Once in Havana, we
   2230 checked into Hotel Flamingo where we stayed for our first two days while we
   2231 explored Havana. Across the street were a bunch of featureless, utilitarian,
   2232 crumbling apartment buildings, which are apparently identical to the ones that
   2233 were built across the Communist Block countries during the Soviet era. You’re
   2234 surrounded on all sides by relics of the Soviet era: East German and Polish
   2235 buses, Russian radios and record players, and tons of North Korean equipment.
   2236 It’s fascinating to see a country that exists almost entirely apart from the
   2237 US. When it comes to the States, it’s as though time stopped in 1959. The only
   2238 Chevys and Buicks to be seen are 1950s models. All new cars are Ladas, Yugos,
   2239 Polski Fiats, or Chinese and North Korean imports. Supposedly push-by shootings
   2240 from Ladas aren’t as big a problem here as they are in Russia.&lt;/p&gt;
   2241 &lt;p&gt;Old Havana La Habana Vieja is something amazing to see. Walking down the
   2242 streets of Old Havana, you’re surrounded by some of the most incredible
   2243 architecture you’ve ever witnessed. What’s even more incredible is that it’s
   2244 crumbling all around you. Ornate gargoyles and balconies have decayed and
   2245 collapsed with age; the paint is peeling, and everything is covered in a thick
   2246 layer of dirt and grime. Broken windows are everywhere, and yet people continue
   2247 to live in these buildings that elsewhere in the world would have long since
   2248 been condemned.&lt;/p&gt;
   2249 &lt;p&gt;Another thing not to be missed in Havana is sitting in the park in front of the
   2250 Museo de la Revolución and eating freshly roasted peanuts out of a rolled up
   2251 newspaper. For one peso, you can buy salted peanuts from street vendors, rolled
   2252 up in an old copy of a page from &lt;em&gt;Granma&lt;/em&gt;, and sit back and watch kids play
   2253 baseball in the street.&lt;/p&gt;
   2254 &lt;p&gt;Baseball is everywhere in Cuba. You can’t turn around without seeing a game
   2255 going on. Baseball equipment, on the other hand, is hard to come by. This
   2256 doesn’t stop anyone from playing the game, however. A rock wrapped in rubber
   2257 bands makes a pretty decent baseball, and we saw a lot of kids who could hit
   2258 some amazing runs with a broom handle baseball bat. If you visit Cuba,
   2259 something that’ll make any kid’s day is a baseball. Pencils and pens make nice
   2260 gifts too.&lt;/p&gt;
   2261 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2002-03-19-vintage-american-cars.jpg&#34;
   2262     alt=&#34;Vintage American cars&#34;&gt;
   2263 &lt;/figure&gt;
   2264 
   2265 &lt;h3 id=&#34;dollars-and-pesos&#34;&gt;Dollars and Pesos&lt;/h3&gt;
   2266 &lt;p&gt;There are two things that everyone who visits Cuba should do. The first is to
   2267 experience live Cuban music, which you can read about in the Trinidad section.
   2268 The second is to convert some dollars to Cuban Pesos. Cuba has three official
   2269 currencies: Cuban Pesos, US Dollars, and Cuban Convertible Pesos. The Cuban
   2270 Convertible Peso was introduced to reduce the dependency on actual US dollars,
   2271 but are worth exactly one dollar in Cuba, and exactly zero dollars off the
   2272 island. Cuban Pesos are a soft currency, and as such, have no practical value
   2273 as an exchangeable currency; however, exchanges do happen at wildly fluctuating
   2274 rates. We got 26 pesos to the dollar.  Cuba has two economies that don’t
   2275 overlap even remotely. Hard-currency stores charge US prices in US dollars and
   2276 sell high-end items. Bottled water is about $1.00 a bottle, soap is $0.50 a
   2277 bar, and meat and cheese are similar in price to what they would be in Canada
   2278 or the US. However, Cubans are paid in pesos at a rate of about 200-400 pesos a
   2279 month — about 8 to 16 dollars. That makes a bottle of water worth somewhere
   2280 around 10% of your monthly paycheque. Try the math with your paycheque. Soft
   2281 currency shops sell local goods, such as fruit and vegetables, for pesos.&lt;/p&gt;
   2282 &lt;p&gt;The reason you should convert some money is that finding a place to spend your
   2283 newly acquired pesos will force you to discover a whole part of Cuba you might
   2284 otherwise never have seen. Cubans buy things in soft currency at markets or
   2285 shops that sell in pesos. The items you can buy for pesos are universally
   2286 locally produced items such as locally farmed foods, small pizzas baked on the
   2287 street in oil drums converted to wood ovens, and some ice cream. A pizza, which
   2288 is basically a piece of bread with a little tomato sauce, some oil, and bit of
   2289 salt on it, sells for 3 pesos, which is about 12 cents US. The reason it’s so
   2290 cheap is that peso goods are subsidised by the work you do for the state. Basic
   2291 food staples such as beans and rice are part of your government supplied
   2292 rations, and can be obtained with your ration card at certain shops. When you
   2293 can find it, food sold on the street is usually in pesos. Food in paladares¹,
   2294 hotels, and touristy places is almost universally in dollars.&lt;/p&gt;
   2295 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2002-03-19-camelo.jpg&#34;
   2296     alt=&#34;Camelo bus&#34;&gt;
   2297 &lt;/figure&gt;
   2298 
   2299 &lt;h3 id=&#34;the-rich-and-the-poor&#34;&gt;The Rich and the Poor&lt;/h3&gt;
   2300 &lt;p&gt;The one thing that struck us immediately was the uniformity of income in Cuba.
   2301 In México, there are two extremes: the extremely rich and the extremely poor.
   2302 The middle class is tiny compared to Canada, where the middle class is the
   2303 norm. In Cuba, almost everyone lives in something that is not exactly poverty,
   2304 but at the same time they have basically no buying power. They have what the
   2305 government gives them, and little else. The income difference between a street
   2306 sweeper and a specialist doctor is about $7 a month vs. $15 a month. No matter
   2307 how you cut it, the $8 difference doesn’t buy much. It’s hard to get imported
   2308 goods no matter what, and what you can get is often on the black market.
   2309 Although under communism employment is universal and housing is provided by the
   2310 state, there are still people who turn to begging because it can be far more
   2311 lucrative than work in a factory for $8 a month. As a result of the incredibly
   2312 tiny incomes in Cuba, jineteros² have become more numerous, and will follow you
   2313 wherever you go, trying to drag you to a restaurant or shop where you’ll spend
   2314 your money. A lot of people on the street beg for soap or toothpaste when the
   2315 police aren’t watching. One man told us he’d do anything, even get down on his
   2316 knees and beg if it would make a difference.&lt;/p&gt;
   2317 &lt;p&gt;Given all this, was the trip to Cuba worth it? Without a doubt. We met some
   2318 absolutely wonderful people, and learned a ton about Cuban history and
   2319 politics. The government isn’t the oppressive dictatorship many people would
   2320 like to believe, and it’s certainly an improvement over Batista’s brutal
   2321 dictatorship; however, things could certainly be a lot better than they are,
   2322 and Castro isn’t exactly known for his spectacular record on civil liberties.
   2323 The Cubans we met were friendly and welcoming, not to mention incredibly good
   2324 dancers. When we ran into difficulty getting cash out of our Mexican bank
   2325 accounts due to the embargo, one family we stayed with offered to reduce our
   2326 room rate, and give us a cheap ride to the airport so we didn’t have to pay the
   2327 taxi fare. Falling asleep to live Cuban music every night was worth the trip
   2328 alone.&lt;/p&gt;
   2329 &lt;h3 id=&#34;glossary&#34;&gt;Glossary&lt;/h3&gt;
   2330 &lt;ol&gt;
   2331 &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Paladar:&lt;/em&gt; a small independent restaurant. One of the allowed forms of
   2332 capitalism in Cuba.&lt;/li&gt;
   2333 &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jinetero:&lt;/em&gt; Literally a &amp;lsquo;jockey.&amp;rsquo; Jineteros will approach you and offer to
   2334 show you a restaurant or store. In exchange, the restaurant charges you
   2335 extra for your meal and the jinetero gets to keep the surcharge.&lt;/li&gt;
   2336 &lt;/ol&gt;
   2337 </description>
   2338     </item>
   2339     
   2340     <item>
   2341       <title>¡Feliz Navidad!</title>
   2342       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2002/01/feliz-navidad/</link>
   2343       <pubDate>Tue, 01 Jan 2002 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   2344       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   2345       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2002/01/feliz-navidad/</guid>
   2346       <description>&lt;p&gt;Took a two week trip through southern México for Christmas. Starting in Mérida,
   2347 southwest into Campeche, Tabasco, Veracruz and then Chiapas. Stopped to visit
   2348 the Mayan ruins at Palenque, followed by some of the villages around San
   2349 Cristóbal de las Casas. From there, it was northeast back onto the Yucatán
   2350 peninsula, to Tulúm, then onwards north again to spend Christmas swimming in the
   2351 Caribbean on Isla Mujeres in 30 degree weather. After a few days, it was
   2352 westward again to Chichen Itzá and Valladolid before finally returning home to
   2353 Mérida.&lt;/p&gt;
   2354 </description>
   2355     </item>
   2356     
   2357     <item>
   2358       <title>Valladolid, Yucatán, México</title>
   2359       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/12/valladolid-yucatan-mexico/</link>
   2360       <pubDate>Thu, 27 Dec 2001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   2361       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   2362       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/12/valladolid-yucatan-mexico/</guid>
   2363       <description>&lt;p&gt;In 1543, Francisco de Montejo (the nephew of Mérida’s famous Francisco de
   2364 Montejo) descended on the ceremonial centre of the Zací (Hawk) Maya, waging war
   2365 on the &lt;em&gt;Cupules&lt;/em&gt;, a group of Maya that hadn’t taken kindly to the Spanish
   2366 conquistadors. When the battle was done and the town had been razed, he renamed
   2367 it Valladolid in honour of the Spanish city of the same name. Today, Valladolid
   2368 is one of the most beautiful colonial cities in the Yucatán, with a mix of
   2369 Spanish and Maya influences. Maya from local pueblas and from the city sell
   2370 traditional &lt;em&gt;huipiles&lt;/em&gt; near the plaza downtown. The city is still roughly
   2371 centered on the &lt;em&gt;Cenote Zací&lt;/em&gt; that was the ceremonial centre of the original
   2372 Mayan settlement.&lt;/p&gt;
   2373 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2001-12-27-cenote.jpg&#34;
   2374     alt=&#34;View of Cenote Zací. Stalactites and vines hang from above. A few swimmers can be seen near the edge of the pool. A path leads upwards through the trees.&#34;&gt;
   2375 &lt;/figure&gt;
   2376 
   2377 &lt;p&gt;The cenote is one of the most beautiful I’ve ever seen. To get to it, you hike
   2378 down a passage into a cavern, then wind your way down the side to get to water
   2379 level. The water is a deep turquoise colour, and is absolutely crystal clear.
   2380 In the shallow areas, you can easily see fallen stalactites lying 30 metres
   2381 below on the bottom. In the deep parts, you won’t see the bottom—it’s more than
   2382 100 metres deep. The same little blind fish that are present in the cenote at
   2383 Dzibilchaltún will nibble your toes in this cenote as well.&lt;/p&gt;
   2384 &lt;p&gt;Above the cenote is a little zoo with spider monkeys, who spend most of their
   2385 afternoon playing with toys, and getting fed potato chips by laughing groups of
   2386 kids. What was more interesting, however, was that they had a raccoon in the
   2387 zoo. You don’t see them in México at all, and most people we asked didn’t know
   2388 what the Spanish word for it was, until an old man we ran into told us it was
   2389 &lt;em&gt;mapache&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
   2390 &lt;p&gt;The main plaza of the city is gorgeous. With ornate lamp posts, hanging baskets
   2391 full of flowers, and beautiful hedges, it was the Yucatán’s answer to Victoria.
   2392 The streets downtown are kept immaculately clean by a crew of street cleaners
   2393 who run through the streets every morning at 5 am. The government of Spain has
   2394 apparently deemed Valladolid to be one of the most Spanish cities in the
   2395 Americas, and donates money to help in its preservation.&lt;/p&gt;
   2396 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2001-12-27-cenote-top.jpg&#34;
   2397     alt=&#34;View from above, looking down into Cenote Zací. Vines hang down to the water from above. A stone staircase leads up from the dark blue-green waters. A few scattered fallen leaves litter the surface of the water.&#34;&gt;
   2398 &lt;/figure&gt;
   2399 
   2400 &lt;p&gt;Probably the most exciting thing that happened while we were there was the
   2401 rain. We had gone off in search of what is supposed to be an absolutely amazing
   2402 cathedral and graveyard somewhere in the southwestern part of the city. In
   2403 typical Mexican fashion, everyone we talked to was able to tell us in
   2404 approximately what direction it was, so we were able to slowly make our way
   2405 there stumbling randomly from one Vallisoletana to the next. We never did find
   2406 it, but not for any lack of determination, but because it started to rain. Now,
   2407 when I say rain, I don’t mean the rain we get in Victoria. I don’t even mean
   2408 Vancouver rain. To fully appreciate a Yucatecan rain storm, you really need to
   2409 experience one. Imagine the streets filling with water, then overflowing onto
   2410 the sidewalks until the whole city is two feet deep in rainwater. We did the
   2411 only thing we could do: jump into a corner store. The guys in the store reacted
   2412 the same way any other Mexicans all over the country would react: toss over a
   2413 couple chairs and invite us in to watch some TV. We bought some cookies and
   2414 juice and sat for 45 minutes or so, watching the water level in the street
   2415 outside rise closer and closer to the edge of the door before we finally
   2416 decided that we were going to make a break for it, only stopping once for a
   2417 slice of cheesecake in a bakery along the way back to the hotel.&lt;/p&gt;
   2418 &lt;p&gt;Valladolid is also famous for the cenote at Dzitnup, about 10 km out of town.
   2419 While we never did make it there, we heard some amazing stories about it from
   2420 Nick, an Irishman from Cork we met in San Cristóbal de las Casas. What is so
   2421 incredible about it is that it’s at the bottom of a dark cavern, with a small
   2422 opening in the roof. At the right time of day, the sun shines through this
   2423 opening and into the turquoise waters of the cenote, making it apear as though
   2424 you’re bathing in light. The actual name of the cenote is &lt;em&gt;Kiken&lt;/em&gt; which is
   2425 Yucatec Maya for &amp;lsquo;pig,&amp;rsquo; because the cenote was originally discovered by a farmer
   2426 whose his pig had fallen in through the hole in the roof.&lt;/p&gt;
   2427 &lt;p&gt;Valladolid is also famous for its uprisings. What transpired in Valladolid in
   2428 June of 1910 helped to spark the Mexican Revolution that erupted in the rest of
   2429 the country that November when Francisco Madero flew across the border into
   2430 Piedras Negras, Coahuila. The revolution wasn’t over until 1920; but as they
   2431 say, the opening chapters were written in blood, here in Valladolid.&lt;/p&gt;
   2432 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2001-12-27-truck.jpg&#34;
   2433     alt=&#34;The rusted carcass of a truck parked on the side of the street. Painted across the front: Duele mas andar a pie (it hurts more to walk). On the bent and twisted remains of the bumper: Asi como me vez te veras (one day, you&amp;#39;ll look like this too).&#34;&gt;&lt;figcaption&gt;
   2434       &lt;h4&gt;&amp;#39;It hurts more to walk&amp;#39;&lt;/h4&gt;
   2435     &lt;/figcaption&gt;
   2436 &lt;/figure&gt;
   2437 
   2438 &lt;p&gt;Unhappy with Spanish control of a land they considered their own, a small band
   2439 of revolutionaries had worked together for months, planning the overthrow of
   2440 governor Moñoz Aristegui. On the night of June 3rd, 1910, all those committed
   2441 to the plan met in the Plaza de la Santa Lucia at midnight. Under the command
   2442 of Ruz Ponce and José Kantún, one group stormed the police quarter, killing the
   2443 guard outside and taking everyone else prisoner. Another group, led by Claudio
   2444 Alconcer and Atilano Albertos took the office of the Mexican Guard, killing the
   2445 Sergeant of the Guard, Facundo Gil. The governor, Felipe de Regil, asleep in
   2446 bed at the time, woke up to the sound of gunfire outside in the streets. He
   2447 immediately jumped out of bed and, a gun in each hand, ran into the street
   2448 firing on the revolutionaries. He fought bravely until the end, when he was
   2449 finally killed and left lying in the street.&lt;/p&gt;
   2450 &lt;p&gt;At this point, there was no turning back for the insurgents. They now had the
   2451 support of nearly the entire city, and within three days had amassed an army of
   2452 no less than 1500 men, armed with guns and machetes. Most had no military
   2453 training. Local landowners provided weapons, ammunition and food.&lt;/p&gt;
   2454 &lt;p&gt;In Mérida, this uprising had not gone unnoticed. While the locals were
   2455 preparing in Valladolid, the government had sent a column of 65 men eastward
   2456 with 300 guns, recruiting villagers along the way. Under the command of Colonel
   2457 Ignacio Lara, they marched easward to Tinum, 12 km outside of Valladolid, where
   2458 they waited for reinforcements to arrive. The cannons of Morelos arrived in
   2459 Valladolid on the 7th. On the 8th, Lara led his men to the outskirts of the
   2460 city, where, at dawn on the 9th of June, they began the assault on Valladolid.
   2461 A batallion of 600 federal troops arrived on the 10th. Poorly equiped,
   2462 untrained, and out of ammunition, the rebels fell under the three ferocious
   2463 onslaughts. The death tolls were high on both sides: more than 100
   2464 revolutionaries and over 30 government soldiers had been killed. This was the
   2465 highest balance of deaths of any battle ever fought in México, and would remain
   2466 so until the Revolution began that November.&lt;/p&gt;
   2467 &lt;p&gt;The leaders of the revolt were eventually rounded up, tried and sentenced to
   2468 death. In the courtyard of the Shrine of San Roque, Kantún, Albertos, and
   2469 Bonilla faced the firing squad. That November, Francisco Madero launched the
   2470 Mexican Revolution, and by the following April, 17000 people had taken up arms
   2471 against Porfirio Diaz and his government. The rest is &lt;a href=&#34;http://history.acusd.edu/gen/projects/border/page01.html&#34;&gt;history&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
   2472 </description>
   2473     </item>
   2474     
   2475     <item>
   2476       <title>Chichen Itzá, Yucatán, México</title>
   2477       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/12/chichen-itza-yucatan-mexico/</link>
   2478       <pubDate>Wed, 26 Dec 2001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   2479       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   2480       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/12/chichen-itza-yucatan-mexico/</guid>
   2481       <description>&lt;p&gt;Somewhere on the old highway between Cancún and Mérida lies Chichen Itzá. The
   2482 ruins at this site cover over 15 square kilometres, with &lt;em&gt;El Castillo&lt;/em&gt; alone
   2483 taking up 0.4 hectares. At 83 metres in length, the Ball Court is the largest
   2484 in Meso-America. The close proximity of the ruins to Cancún and the size of
   2485 some of the structures have made these the most famous Mayan ruins in the
   2486 country.&lt;/p&gt;
   2487 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2001-12-26-el-castillo.jpg&#34;
   2488     alt=&#34;A view from the ground below the El Castillo pyramid at Chichen Itzá. Visitors climb the steep staircase leading up the centre of the face of the pyramid. A few people stand silhouetted at the top, looking down on the surrouding jungle.&#34;&gt;
   2489 &lt;/figure&gt;
   2490 
   2491 &lt;p&gt;The image that most people associate with Chichen Itzá is &lt;em&gt;El Castillo&lt;/em&gt;. The
   2492 pyramid rises more than 23 metres above the ground, with steep staircases up
   2493 all four sides, leading to a small building at the top. What’s so spectacular
   2494 about it is the fact that this pyramid is actually a huge Mayan calendar built
   2495 of stone.  The four staircases leading to the top have 91 steps each, which
   2496 when added to the platform at the top, make 365. On the sides are 52 panels
   2497 representing the 52 years of the traditional Mayan calendar round. The pyramid
   2498 is composed of nine terraced platforms on either side of the two primary
   2499 staircases, for a total of 18, the number of months in the Mayan calendar. If
   2500 you’re still not convinced of the Mayans’ astronomical prowess, you can easily
   2501 convince yourself by visiting on either the spring or the fall equinox when, as
   2502 the sun rises over the jungle, the form of a giant serpent is projected onto
   2503 the sides of the two primary staircases, each of which has a giant stone
   2504 serpent head at its base. This illusion is created by the precise alignment of
   2505 the terraces in relation to position of the sun.&lt;/p&gt;
   2506 &lt;p&gt;In a corner in the shade of one of the giant staircases leading up the side of
   2507 El Castillo is a door. Once or twice a day, the door is opened, and groups of
   2508 20 or so are allowed inside. A narrow passage leads to a steep staircase that
   2509 runs up the side of another pyramid inside El Castillo. It’s narrow, cramped,
   2510 hot and humid, not to mention dark, but the climb is worth it. Eventually, at
   2511 the top of the staircase, if you’re lucky or pushy enough, you can catch a
   2512 glimpse of a jewel-encrusted jaguar altar, used by the Maya for sacrifices.&lt;/p&gt;
   2513 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2001-12-26-ball-court.jpg&#34;
   2514     alt=&#34;The ball court at Chichen Itzá. Large, perfectly flat stone walls rise above the grass. Two stone hoops protrude, one from each wall, facing sideways. A crowd of people stands at the far end of the court.&#34;&gt;
   2515 &lt;/figure&gt;
   2516 
   2517 &lt;p&gt;The Ball Court is another feat of engineering. The walls are each approximately
   2518 8 metres high, with structures at the top for viewing the game. At either end
   2519 of the court is an elaborate stone temple. But what is so amazing about the
   2520 Ball Court is its acoustics. A whisper at one end can be clearly heard at the
   2521 other end, 135 metres away. In fact, the sound reflection at the centre of the
   2522 court is so incredible, you can hear at least nine echos if you clap or shout.&lt;/p&gt;
   2523 &lt;p&gt;The following excerpt, by one of the supervising archaeologists restoring the
   2524 ruins, describes the acoustics:&lt;/p&gt;
   2525 &lt;blockquote&gt;
   2526 &lt;p&gt;Chi cheen Itsa’s famous &amp;lsquo;Ball-court&amp;rsquo; or Temple of the Maize cult offers the
   2527 visitor besides its mystery and impressive architecture, its marvellous
   2528 acoustics If a person standing under either ring claps his hands or yells, the
   2529 sound produced will be repeated several times gradually losing its volume, A
   2530 single revolver shot seems machine-gun fire. The sound waves travel with equal
   2531 force to East or West, day or night. disregarding the wind’s direction. Anyone
   2532 speaking in a normal voice from the &amp;lsquo;Forum&amp;rsquo; can be clearly heard in the &amp;lsquo;Sacred
   2533 Tribune&amp;rsquo; five hundred feet away or vice-versa. If a short sentence, for
   2534 example, &amp;lsquo;Do you hear me?&amp;rsquo; is pronounced it will be repeated word by word&amp;hellip;
   2535 Parties from one extreme to the other can hold a conversation without raising
   2536 their voices.&lt;/p&gt;
   2537 &lt;p&gt;This transmission of sound, as yet unexplained, has been discussed by
   2538 architects and archaeologists &amp;hellip; Most of them used to consider it as fanciful
   2539 due to the ruined conditions of the structure but, on the contrary, we who have
   2540 engaged in its reconstruction know well that the sound volume, instead of
   2541 disappearing, has become stronger and clearer&amp;hellip; Undoubtedly we must consider
   2542 this feat of acoustics as another noteworthy achievement of engineering
   2543 realized millenniums ago by the Maya technicians.&lt;/p&gt;
   2544 &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;—Chi Cheen Itza by Manuel Cirerol Sansores, 1947&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
   2545 &lt;p&gt;Aside from the Ball Court and &lt;em&gt;El Castillo&lt;/em&gt;, there are dozens of other sites of
   2546 interest. There are no less than three cenotes around the site, one of which
   2547 was filled with tens of thousands of artifacts, from neclaces and jewelry to
   2548 the bones of human and animal sacrifices. The Hall of the Thousand Pillars is
   2549 also incredible to walk through, with each pillar featuring unique carvings and
   2550 inscriptions; on some, traces of red and blue paint are still visible.&lt;/p&gt;
   2551 &lt;p&gt;The site was originally populated by the Itzáes around 500 AD, and slowly built
   2552 up until 900 AD, at which point it was completely abandonned. No one knows why
   2553 the Itzáes left so abruptly, but it appears that the city was re-populated
   2554 about 100 years later, and then attacked by the Toltecs, a tribe known for its
   2555 brutality at war. Structures from the period between 1000 and 1300 AD show
   2556 marked Toltec influences, including numeral reliefs of Toltec gods, including
   2557 Quetzalcoatl, the plumed serpent. The city was abandonned once again around
   2558 1300, this time permanently.&lt;/p&gt;
   2559 </description>
   2560     </item>
   2561     
   2562     <item>
   2563       <title>Tulúm, Quintana Roo, México</title>
   2564       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/12/tulum-quintana-roo-mexico/</link>
   2565       <pubDate>Mon, 24 Dec 2001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   2566       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   2567       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/12/tulum-quintana-roo-mexico/</guid>
   2568       <description>&lt;p&gt;Between San Cristóbal and Tulúm is a long, empty road. The overnight bus works
   2569 beautifully for this trip, winding its way through the mountains, jungle and
   2570 the vast plains of the Yucatán. The only major stop along the way is Escarcega,
   2571 Campeche. By major, I mean a couple of comida corrida places, a papaya tree,
   2572 and a dusty bus stop on a long, empty stretch of highway. By six in the
   2573 morning, we were in Tulúm, a slightly bigger collection of restaurants and bus
   2574 stops along a long, empty stretch of highway. We grabbed a plate of
   2575 &lt;em&gt;huevos motuleños&lt;/em&gt; and some coffee, which (I swear that I am not making this
   2576 up) was blue. Sort of an off-grey blue. It tasted like milk mixed with
   2577 dishwater.&lt;/p&gt;
   2578 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2001-12-24-tulum.jpg&#34;
   2579     alt=&#34;Mayan ruins sit on a bluff of rock covered with low scrub overlooking the Caribbean. Below, waves crash against the rocks.&#34;&gt;
   2580 &lt;/figure&gt;
   2581 
   2582 &lt;p&gt;The best time to see the ruins is, without a doubt, sunrise. The ruins at
   2583 Tulúm, while not spectacular except for the two-metre rock wall surrounding the
   2584 site on three sides, have one of the best views you could possibly hope for.
   2585 The structures sit nestled amid the rolling green grass and white sandy
   2586 beaches, hovering over the turquoise Caribbean. As the sun rises, the whole
   2587 place is bathed in a warm orangey-red glow. Sitting on ruins watching the waves
   2588 is pretty relaxing.&lt;/p&gt;
   2589 &lt;p&gt;Since Tulúm is so close to Playa del Carmen and Cancún, the number of visitors
   2590 is absoutely huge compared to a lot of other Mayan ruins, and especially given
   2591 the small size of these ruins. Because of that, most of the structures are
   2592 off-limits to the public, so you can’t climb up on them as you can at most
   2593 other sites. In the end, it’s nice to see that these ruins are being protected,
   2594 but Palenque, Uxmal and Chichen Itzá are a lot more fun. That said, if you look
   2595 hard enough, you will find a couple structures you can sit down on.&lt;/p&gt;
   2596 </description>
   2597     </item>
   2598     
   2599     <item>
   2600       <title>San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, México</title>
   2601       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/12/san-cristobal-de-las-casas-chiapas-mexico/</link>
   2602       <pubDate>Fri, 21 Dec 2001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   2603       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   2604       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/12/san-cristobal-de-las-casas-chiapas-mexico/</guid>
   2605       <description>&lt;p&gt;San Cristóbal is, without question, one of the most beautiful towns in Mexico.
   2606 It’s also the ideal temperature for visiting Canadians, with the temperature
   2607 hovering around 10 °C, and the humidity close to 100% during the daytime in
   2608 winter. It’s cold, damp and cloudy. After months of scorching heat and
   2609 humidity, I was in heaven. San Cristóbal makes an ideal base from which to do
   2610 day-trips to the surrounding villages of San Juan Chamula and
   2611 Zinacantán—indigenous villages comprising the Tzotzil and Tzeltal indigenous
   2612 groups respectively.&lt;/p&gt;
   2613 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2001-12-21-plaza.jpg&#34;
   2614     alt=&#34;The bright yellow façade of a catheral faces the main plaza in San Cristóbal de las Casas. Pedestrials mill about the square in groups.&#34;&gt;
   2615 &lt;/figure&gt;
   2616 
   2617 &lt;p&gt;In town, we met a law student named Luís who took a group of us to the
   2618 villages. In San Juan Chamula, we first visited the shaman’s hut for the
   2619 village, where we learned about the mix of Catholicism and traditional beliefs
   2620 practised in the village. We then continued on to the village church which was
   2621 probably the highlight of the visit. Seeing the mix of beliefs being practised
   2622 there was incredible: everything from prayers to the Catholic saints to burning
   2623 incense to chicken sacrifices and ceremonial purgings. Photography isn’t
   2624 allowed in the church and out of respect to the Chamulans, we won’t describe
   2625 everything in detail on the web, but suffice to say that it was an incredibly
   2626 worthwhile visit.&lt;/p&gt;
   2627 &lt;p&gt;Zinacantán is only a few kilometres away, but the villagers speak an entirely
   2628 different language, Tzeltal. Here, the church is much more traditional,
   2629 although most villagers still maintain strong ties to traditional indigenous
   2630 beliefs, such as worshipping the Earth Lord and placing a strong emphasis on
   2631 the interpretation of dreams. For a more detailed look at the beliefs and
   2632 culture of the people of Zinacantán, we’d suggest &lt;em&gt;Dreams and Stories from the
   2633 People of the Bat&lt;/em&gt; by Robert Laughlin. This book is a collection of dreams and
   2634 their interpretations as told by the villagers of Zinacantán, as well as a
   2635 series of short stories passed from generation to generation in the village.&lt;/p&gt;
   2636 &lt;p&gt;The town also produces many traditional handicrafts typical of Chiapas:
   2637 blankets, clothing, dolls, etc. The villagers take these to San Cristóbal to
   2638 sell them at the markets and on the street. The textiles are all made from
   2639 hand, from the thread, to hand-weaving and embroidering. Typically, a
   2640 medium-sized blanket takes two to three weeks to produce.&lt;/p&gt;
   2641 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2001-12-21-beans.jpg&#34;
   2642     alt=&#34;Dozens of varieties of dried beans in many colours arrayed for sale in bins and large sacks for sale at the market&#34;&gt;
   2643 &lt;/figure&gt;
   2644 
   2645 &lt;p&gt;Back in San Cristóbal, we spent a few days visiting the markets and wandering
   2646 around town trying out the local food before heading back north for Palenque
   2647 again. On our way out of town we noticed a small shanty-town suburb in a gravel
   2648 pit. On a big yellow arch, bold black letters declared the name of the colonia:
   2649 &lt;em&gt;Sal Si Puedes&lt;/em&gt;, &amp;lsquo;Get Out If You Can&amp;rsquo;. Just past this is the massive military
   2650 encampment that has been in place since 1994 when the EZLN (Zapatista
   2651 Liberation Army) overthrew and occupied the town before being driven out by
   2652 reinforcements sent in, causing a bloodbath. There is a lot less tension now
   2653 than there was then, but the Zapatistas still have incredibly high support in
   2654 the villages just outside of town. The Mexican government under Vincente Fox
   2655 has been much more responsive to indigenous peoples than previous governments
   2656 have been, although in recent months this seems to be less and less the case.
   2657 There’s still a lot of work to do before the indigenous groups in Mexico are
   2658 able to live in conditions similar to the rest of the population. Most people
   2659 in the villages still lack food, clothing and (non-dirt) floors in their
   2660 houses, let alone running water and electricity. And although Chiapas produces
   2661 more electricity than any other state, less than half the population has
   2662 electricity in its home.&lt;/p&gt;
   2663 </description>
   2664     </item>
   2665     
   2666     <item>
   2667       <title>Palenque, Chiapas, México</title>
   2668       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/12/palenque-chiapas-mexico/</link>
   2669       <pubDate>Tue, 18 Dec 2001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   2670       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   2671       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/12/palenque-chiapas-mexico/</guid>
   2672       <description>&lt;p&gt;For Christmas, we decided to take a trip to the state of Chiapas, about an 8
   2673 hour bus ride from Mérida. Although Chiapas has been a somewhat politically
   2674 unstable state during the past 10 years, it is also home to some of the most
   2675 incredible scenery, archaeological sites and indigenous culture in the
   2676 country.&lt;/p&gt;
   2677 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2001-12-18-temple-of-inscriptions.jpg&#34;
   2678     alt=&#34;The Mayan ruins of the Temple of the Inscriptions at Palenque towering over a courtyard surrounded by jungle. A large staircase leads up the main face of the pyramid. Rain pours down in torrents.&#34;&gt;
   2679 &lt;/figure&gt;
   2680 
   2681 &lt;p&gt;The town of Palenque sits only a few minutes by bike, foot or bus from the
   2682 ruins of the ancient Mayan city of Palenque. The ruins themselves extend over a
   2683 huge area and are composed of many smaller groups of structures situated around
   2684 plazas. The most impressive of these are probably the main plaza—which is
   2685 surrounded by the Temple of the Inscriptions and the palace/observatory
   2686 tower—and the Sun Temple Plaza.&lt;/p&gt;
   2687 &lt;p&gt;The Temple of the Inscriptions is well-known for housing the sarcophagus and
   2688 jade death mask of Pakal, former ruler of the city. Unfortunately, it&amp;rsquo;s no
   2689 longer possible to visit the inside of the Temple of the Inscriptions without a
   2690 research permit. In theory, that involves applications via your university and
   2691 submissions of your research to the government; in practice it involves 150
   2692 pesos to the right people.&lt;/p&gt;
   2693 </description>
   2694     </item>
   2695     
   2696     <item>
   2697       <title>Dzibilchaltún, Yucatán, México</title>
   2698       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/09/dzibilchaltun-yucatan-mexico/</link>
   2699       <pubDate>Tue, 11 Sep 2001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   2700       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   2701       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/09/dzibilchaltun-yucatan-mexico/</guid>
   2702       <description>&lt;p&gt;About halfway between Mérida and Progresso lie the ruins of Dzibilchaltún, an
   2703 important centre in the ancient world of the Maya. The name means &amp;lsquo;The place
   2704 with writing on the stones.&amp;rsquo;&lt;/p&gt;
   2705 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2001-09-11-munecas-door.jpg&#34;
   2706     alt=&#34;View framed by the doorway of the of Templo de las Siete Muñecas looking out over the ruins of a stone building and four-sized stone stela on a raised platform. A path leads past the ruins, through the low jungle, and towards the horizon.&#34;&gt;
   2707 &lt;/figure&gt;
   2708 
   2709 &lt;p&gt;Dzibilchaltún covers an area of about 16 square kilometres, in which there are
   2710 about 8400 structures. The central part of the site covers three square
   2711 kilometres, which includes several temples and pyramids, as well as a cenote of
   2712 unknown depth, one of the largest in the Yucatán. Many of the structures date
   2713 back as far as 500 B.C.&lt;/p&gt;
   2714 &lt;p&gt;From downtown Mérida, you can catch a colectivo that stops down the road from
   2715 the temple. A 10 minute hike from there along a trail through the jungle gets
   2716 you to the entrance to the site, where they charge 50 pesos per person ($7.50
   2717 CDN) to get in. The day we arrived, it was a scorching 40-something degrees,
   2718 with 100% humidity, so the fact that the small museum on the site was
   2719 air-conditionned was worth the price of admission in itself.&lt;/p&gt;
   2720 &lt;p&gt;The site is divided into two parts, separated by a one kilometre long road. At
   2721 one end is the Temple of the Seven Dolls, named after seven ceramic dolls found
   2722 there as offerings to the gods. At the other end is a courtyard, a pyramid, a
   2723 ball court and the cenote, as well as an open chapel that was constructed
   2724 during the Colonial era, in the late 16th and early 17th century.&lt;/p&gt;
   2725 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2001-09-11-munecas-outside.jpg&#34;
   2726     alt=&#34;View of the Templo de las Siete Muñecas from the path. In the foreground, a hiker walks toward a large worn stela on a raised platform.&#34;&gt;
   2727 &lt;/figure&gt;
   2728 
   2729 &lt;p&gt;The Temple of the Seven Dolls is probably the most interesting part of the
   2730 site. At least it was to us. At one time, the temple was adorned with plaster
   2731 friezes, molded to the shapes of intertwined serpents, hieroglyphs, and masks,
   2732 though these friezes are no longer on the structure itself. The building is
   2733 thought to have served as an astronomical observatory, and during the Vernal
   2734 and Autumnal Equinoxes, an interesting phenonmenon can be seen at sunrise.
   2735 During the Equinoxes, the sun is perfectly aligned such that the morning
   2736 sunlight passes directly between two sets of opposing doors on the temple,
   2737 casting the light down into the courtyard facing the structure. Many people
   2738 pile into Dzibilchaltún between 5:00 and 6:00 in the morning to witness the
   2739 sunrise, then run back out and pile into a bus to Chichen Itza to watch the
   2740 more spectacular effect of the sun casting light in the shape of a giant
   2741 serpent slithering up the side of the temple there in the afternoon. If you
   2742 don’t happen to be a teacher who has classes on these days, this is apparently
   2743 the thing to do.&lt;/p&gt;
   2744 &lt;p&gt;The cenote on the other side of the site is open for swimming, if you don’t
   2745 mind thousands of little fish chasing you around the whole time. What’s
   2746 curious, of course, is that there are any fish at all in the cenotes, since
   2747 they’re fed by a series of deep, underwater channels of water that snake
   2748 beneath the entire peninsula. There are no rivers or streams connecting them on
   2749 the surface, so the fish have to descend to incredible depths (over 100 m) to
   2750 move between one cenote and the next. From what people have told us, the fish
   2751 that live in the cenotes are blind, which is kind of cool.&lt;/p&gt;
   2752 &lt;p&gt;We hiked back out to the road after a few hours of wandering around, the sat
   2753 waiting for a colectivo to drive by and pick us up. For 30 minutes we sat
   2754 around, the air totally still and boiling hot, with only the sound of the
   2755 mosquitos and the cow in the field next to us. I’m not entirely sure what was
   2756 wrong with it, but the way it hollered made it sound demented and insane. I
   2757 honestly hope I never drink any milk from that one; no way that’s safe.&lt;/p&gt;
   2758 </description>
   2759     </item>
   2760     
   2761     <item>
   2762       <title>Isla Mujeres, Quintana Roo, México</title>
   2763       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/09/isla-mujeres-quintana-roo-mexico/</link>
   2764       <pubDate>Thu, 06 Sep 2001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   2765       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   2766       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/09/isla-mujeres-quintana-roo-mexico/</guid>
   2767       <description>&lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2001-09-06-lancha.jpg&#34;
   2768     alt=&#34;A small &amp;#39;lancha&amp;#39; boat floats in the crystal-clear blue waters of the Caribbean, moored a few metres offshore a white sandy beach.&#34;&gt;
   2769 &lt;/figure&gt;
   2770 
   2771 &lt;blockquote&gt;
   2772 &lt;p&gt;Lo que tu eres, yo fui&lt;br&gt;
   2773 Lo que yo soy, luego serás&lt;br&gt;
   2774 &lt;em&gt;—Inscription on the pirate Mundaca’s Tomb&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
   2775 &lt;p&gt;Many, many years ago, a pirate by the name of Fermin Antonio Mundaca de
   2776 Marechaja landed on Isla Mujeres and fell in love with a young lady whose name
   2777 has been long forgotten. Today, she is known only as &lt;em&gt;La Trigueña&lt;/em&gt; (The
   2778 Brunette), the name by which he referred to her. In order to win her love,
   2779 Mundaca built an elaborate hacienda, erected archways and laid paths throughout
   2780 the gardens. He had trees and plants brought from all over the world to plant
   2781 in the gardens. Unfortunately, before he finished this masterpiece, she ran off
   2782 with another islander and got married. Today, his house lays in ruins in the
   2783 middle of what remains of his fortress. And if you look carefully, you can
   2784 faintly work out the words &lt;em&gt;La Trigueña&lt;/em&gt; carved into the stone archway. Mundaca
   2785 eventually died of the plague in Mérida, but his small tomb can still be seen
   2786 among the headstones of the small cemetary near the north beach of town.
   2787 Adorned with an eerily grinning skull and crossbones, it bears no name, but
   2788 carries the inscription: &amp;lsquo;As you are, I was. As I am, you will be.&amp;rsquo;&lt;/p&gt;
   2789 &lt;p&gt;With a couple weeks before school and work starts, we decided to visit Isla
   2790 Mujeres (lit. The Island of Women), a small island that sits about 11 km off
   2791 the east coast of the Yucatán Peninsula, in Quintana Roo. A few hours east of
   2792 Mérida, the island is surrounded by the turquoise, bathtub warm, crystal clear
   2793 waters of the Caribbean, and is the site of some spectacular snorkeling and
   2794 diving.&lt;/p&gt;
   2795 &lt;p&gt;Isla Mujeres is tiny—about 8 km long and between 300 and 800 metres wide—and
   2796 has a population of 7000 residents. The main part of the town sits on the
   2797 north-west tip of the island, but there are some smaller &lt;em&gt;colonias&lt;/em&gt; in the
   2798 central Salinas area, as well as on the south end. Although it was once a
   2799 fishing town, the main business today is tourism. Unlike Cancún, however, Isla
   2800 Mujeres has a much more relaxed, laid back pace of life, and it hasn’t yet
   2801 turned into a party town full of drunken gringos. The locals appear to want to
   2802 keep it this way, and the local San Francisco store stops selling alcohol at
   2803 8:30 or 9:00 in the evenings.&lt;/p&gt;
   2804 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2001-09-06-sunset.jpg&#34;
   2805     alt=&#34;In the distance, the silhouette of a lancha passes through the shimmering reflection of the setting sun&amp;#39;s light on the ocean.&#34;&gt;
   2806 &lt;/figure&gt;
   2807 
   2808 &lt;p&gt;From the downtown Cancún bus station, we grabbed the Route 13 bus north along
   2809 Avenida Tulum to the Puerto Juarez ferry terminal, then hopped on a boat for
   2810 the 30 minute ferry ride to the island. We spent the whole ride locked in a
   2811 psychological battle trying not to jump off into the gorgeous blue water; it
   2812 was sheer torture. Apparently we weren’t the only ones—as soon as the boat
   2813 pulled alongside the Isla Mujeres dock, one 40 year old passenger jumped
   2814 overboard and swam to shore.We spent the next few days wandering around the
   2815 island on foot. Like a lot of touristy places in Mexico, there are thousands of
   2816 people trying to sell you anything and everything on the street. Fortunately,
   2817 the city is small enough that all the hawkers seem to be packed into two blocks
   2818 along Avenida Hidalgo between Av. Abasolo and Av. Lopez Mateos. Unfortunately,
   2819 that’s the easiest way to get to the beach. Fortunately (yet again), it’s
   2820 easily bypassed by taking the scenic route.&lt;/p&gt;
   2821 &lt;p&gt;The best times of day for the beach are sunrise and sunset. The boatloads of
   2822 tourists from Cancún aren’t there, and the beach is nearly empty. The water
   2823 stays warm 24 hours a day, and the sunsets and sunrises are spectacular. During
   2824 the afternoons, the beach is packed with people and the sun is intense enough
   2825 that if you don’t fork over the 60 pesos ($10 Canadian) for a beach umbrella,
   2826 you’ll fry like bacon, even with the SPF 50 they sell at the super market.
   2827 There’s a reason most Mexicans swim in shorts and a t-shirt.&lt;/p&gt;
   2828 &lt;p&gt;There are a lot of other things to do on the island. One of the most
   2829 interesting is the Sea Turtle conservation park. This is the only facility in
   2830 Mexico dedicated to preserving endangered sea turtles, such as the Hawk’s Bill
   2831 Turtle, which grows to over 100 kg, and lives to around 120 years old. The sea
   2832 turtles have been hunted to near extinction because of world-wide demand from
   2833 for their meat and shells. At the conservation facility, the turtles are bred,
   2834 cared for, then released back into the wild. There are no railings on the
   2835 walkways above the huge walled off section of ocean where the largest of the
   2836 turtles swim, and according to the guy who showed us around, if you fall in,
   2837 &amp;rsquo;te comen!&amp;rsquo;, &amp;rsquo;they eat you!&#39;.&lt;/p&gt;
   2838 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2001-09-06-skeletons.jpg&#34;
   2839     alt=&#34;Four small hand-carved wooden skeleton toys playing musical instruments and wearing sombreros sit on the step of a storefront with their feet on the sidewalk. A small wooden armadillo wanders by.&#34;&gt;
   2840 &lt;/figure&gt;
   2841 
   2842 &lt;p&gt;The ruins of Mundaca’s fortress are in the central part of the island, and if
   2843 you want to be eaten alive by mosquitos (there are Dengue Fever warnings all
   2844 over the place on the Yucatán Peninsula, by the way) it’s a great place to go.
   2845 No wonder the object of Mundaca’s affections ditched him for another man. Any
   2846 sensible pirate would have built his fortress on the beach or at least within
   2847 walking distance. Mundaca built his in the marshiest, grottiest, most densely
   2848 jungled part of the island. On the bright side there is, however, a sort of
   2849 small zoo in his gardens, with alligators, monkeys, a deer, and apparently a
   2850 jaguar, though we never got to see it, because the mosquitos drove us out
   2851 first. By the twentieth or thirtieth bite, we’d had more than enough of
   2852 Mundaca’s place.On the south side of the island, there’s Playa Garrafón, which
   2853 is part of a national park, but seems to have been recently turned into an
   2854 expensive tourist trap, complete with all-you-can-eat restaurants, zip lines,
   2855 &amp;lsquo;underwater adventure&amp;rsquo; and more construction, all for the low, ubeatable price
   2856 of $35 US a day! I believe they even translated that price into pesos
   2857 underneath in small type. We actually went next door, paid 20 pesos (about $2
   2858 US) and had the whole beach to ourselves. We snorkeled around the wharf and a
   2859 small reef, then Pablo and Armando, who ran the place, took us out to a reef 15
   2860 minutes out by boat, where we saw sharks, a sting ray, and a ton of live (and
   2861 dead) coral. Unfortunately, it seems like a million and one other people go out
   2862 to the same reef, and most don’t know how to swim. This means you’ll end up
   2863 spending an hour getting your head kicked in by screaming hoardes of
   2864 life-jacket wearing, water spitting drowners. I did get rammed in the legs by a
   2865 nurse shark though. It felt like sandpaper and was among the creepier
   2866 sensations I have experienced in my life.&lt;/p&gt;
   2867 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2001-09-06-nativity-scene.jpg&#34;
   2868     alt=&#34;The gazebo at the centre of the Isla Mujeres plaza decorated in an underwater-themed nativity scene. The virgin mary stands at the centre, her hands in prayer. Fishing nets filled with starfish, tropical fish, and multi-coloured Christmas lights surround the gazebo.&#34;&gt;
   2869 &lt;/figure&gt;
   2870 
   2871 &lt;p&gt;There are also some Mayan ruins at the south tip of the island, though there’s
   2872 very little left of them. Most of the ruins have been hurled into the ocean by
   2873 various hurricanes, but what’s left sits on a small point overlooking the
   2874 crystal clear blue water. My favourite part was the hand painted sign that
   2875 reads &amp;lsquo;IGUANAS-No los tire piedras-Cuidelas&amp;rsquo;, &amp;lsquo;Please do not throw rocks at
   2876 the iguanas-take care of them!&amp;rsquo; Two English ladies who now live in Kentucky
   2877 were kind enough to pick us up on their rented golf cart and haul us back into
   2878 town, saving us a taxi ride/sunburn.During our stay on the island, we ran into
   2879 a small herd of beach cats. They appeared to be completely starving, which I’m
   2880 sure is all part of their little ploy to get food from unsuspecting tourists.
   2881 In fact, I’m sure that if a study were done, they’d probably find that this is
   2882 a behaviour that beach cats have evolved over centuries of tourism, sort of
   2883 like pigeons that pretend to be one-legged to get sympathy points from old
   2884 grannies in parks. In any case, these poor things ended up rounding up enough
   2885 sympathy to get some canned tuna… twice. Most of the time, though, I we watched
   2886 it digging holes on the beach, which I don’t really want to think about too
   2887 much. We also saw it kill and eat cockroaches, which no matter how disgusting
   2888 it is, I have to admit is actually sort of mezmerising.&lt;/p&gt;
   2889 &lt;p&gt;All in all, it was a great vacation before everything gets crazy here. We hope
   2890 we’ll have time to go back at some point for another visit. The place to stay
   2891 is definitely the Hotel El Marcianito; the guy who runs it is totally friendly,
   2892 and gave us a ton of advice on places to see.&lt;/p&gt;
   2893 </description>
   2894     </item>
   2895     
   2896     <item>
   2897       <title>Chelem, Yucatán, México</title>
   2898       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/08/chelem-yucatan-mexico/</link>
   2899       <pubDate>Fri, 31 Aug 2001 14:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   2900       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   2901       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/08/chelem-yucatan-mexico/</guid>
   2902       <description>&lt;p&gt;Grabbed a bus north to Progreso to go to the beach. While it was beautiful
   2903 weather and the ocean looked great, there were no palm trees on the beach, so
   2904 it was impossible to find any shade. We’d heard that in the next town over,
   2905 Yucalpetén, there were some great beaches, so we asked around and finally found
   2906 a colectivo headed out in that direction. The one we found stopped
   2907 by a bathing centre and the town of Chelem. Now right now I’m going to come
   2908 straight out and say it: if someone ever tells you a story about the amazing
   2909 beaches at Yucalpetén, just back away slowly and do not make any sudden
   2910 moves—the person you are talking to has probably escaped from an asylum.&lt;/p&gt;
   2911 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2001-08-31-chelem.jpg&#34;
   2912     alt=&#34;Main street of Chelem&#34;&gt;&lt;figcaption&gt;
   2913       &lt;h4&gt;The main street of Chelem?&lt;/h4&gt;
   2914     &lt;/figcaption&gt;
   2915 &lt;/figure&gt;
   2916 
   2917 &lt;p&gt;We wandered around for a few hours, but we never did find a beach in decent
   2918 condition. In the end we sat on a grass embankment close to the ocean,
   2919 observing what appeared to be the remains of a house that had been bulldozed
   2920 across the beach and into the ocean; there still were big chunks of concrete
   2921 wall strewn all over the place. It was sort of post-apocalyptic looking. On the
   2922 bright side, there was a nice cool breeze.&lt;/p&gt;
   2923 </description>
   2924     </item>
   2925     
   2926     <item>
   2927       <title>Progreso, Yucatán, México</title>
   2928       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/08/progreso-yucatan-mexico/</link>
   2929       <pubDate>Fri, 31 Aug 2001 10:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   2930       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   2931       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/08/progreso-yucatan-mexico/</guid>
   2932       <description>&lt;p&gt;Half an hour north of Mérida is the port town of Progreso. Though it’s on the
   2933 gulf side of the peninsula, the water is still a beautiful turquoise-blue; it
   2934 puts Canadian beaches to shame. On a hot weekend, Progreso makes a fun day
   2935 trip. The wind keeps you cool, and as long as you keep ordering drinks, the
   2936 food comes free at the palapa huts on the beach.&lt;/p&gt;
   2937 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2001-08-31-palapa.jpg&#34;
   2938     alt=&#34;Three beach chairs sit in the shade of a palm-thatched palapa on the beach overlooking the ocean. A small &amp;#39;lancha&amp;#39; boat is pulled up on the beach. On the left, Progreso&amp;#39;s long pier extends over the water towards the horizon.&#34;&gt;
   2939 &lt;/figure&gt;
   2940 
   2941 &lt;p&gt;The one thing that is impossible to miss in Progreso is the pier. At its
   2942 original length of 6 km, it was the longest in all of México, and with its new
   2943 3 km extension for cruise ships, it’s now the longest in the world. The reason
   2944 for its size is that the Yucatán Peninsula is in essence a huge, flat limestone
   2945 shelf that continues to extend long past the waterfront. At 6 km out, the
   2946 water is still only 7 or 8 metres deep. As a result a 3 km extension was added
   2947 in 2001 to allow cruise ships to dock safely.&lt;/p&gt;
   2948 &lt;p&gt;When we asked friends in Mérida about the beach in Progreso, they mostly told
   2949 us that it wasn’t that nice. When we got back, I told my class that in Canada
   2950 we put beaches like that in beer commercials. I guess when Cancún is only a few
   2951 hours drive away, you can afford to be picky. The only downside is that most of
   2952 the palm trees are tiny. The previous ones were all ripped out during Hurricane
   2953 Gilberto a few years ago. As a result there’s very little shade, so your only
   2954 option is to hide under a palapa.&lt;/p&gt;
   2955 </description>
   2956     </item>
   2957     
   2958     <item>
   2959       <title>Izamal, Yucatán, México</title>
   2960       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/08/izamal-yucatan-mexico/</link>
   2961       <pubDate>Thu, 30 Aug 2001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   2962       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   2963       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/08/izamal-yucatan-mexico/</guid>
   2964       <description>&lt;p&gt;Took a trip a few towns to the east this morning, to Izamal. While Mérida is
   2965 known throughout México as the White City, Izamal is referred to as the Yellow
   2966 City due to the preponderance of yellow buildings. With a population of 15,000
   2967 or so, it’s much quieter than Mérida, and horse-drawn carriages are still used
   2968 as transportation by some of its residents. The two big tourist attractions
   2969 here are the ruins of Kinich-Kakmó, one of 12 Mayan temples that originally
   2970 stood at the site of this town, and the Franciscan Monastery, one of the first
   2971 in the New World, built from the stones of the largest Mayan temple in Izamal
   2972 after it was torn down by the Conquistadors.&lt;/p&gt;
   2973 &lt;p&gt;The Convento de San Antonio de Padua sits on one side of the Plaza Principal, a
   2974 block from the city’s bus station. Climbing up the ramp in front brings you to
   2975 a large flat terrace and the entrance to the buildings themselves. From there,
   2976 you can enter the chapel, visit the arboreum or climb up to the top levels of
   2977 the monastery. If you look carefully, some of the stones in the walls and
   2978 arches have Mayan designs on them—these were part of the temple that originally
   2979 stood at this location. Facing away from the monastery, you can see
   2980 Kinich-Kakmó towering over the jungle six or seven blocks away.&lt;/p&gt;
   2981 &lt;p&gt;Kinich-Kakmó, which is about 200 m x 180 m, was built between 300 and 600 A.D.
   2982 and was recently restored. From the top levels, the temple provides a great
   2983 view of the city. Following a narrow dirt path around the back affords a
   2984 spectacular view of the surrounding jungle and the vast, Saskatchewan-like
   2985 flatness of the Yucatán peninsula. All over the place, big, lazy iguanas
   2986 sunbathe on the rock walls of the temple. Just beside the entrance, at the base
   2987 of the front side of the pyramid, is a great-smelling tortillería.&lt;/p&gt;
   2988 &lt;p&gt;We ate at the Kinich-Kakmó Restaurant, and it was delicious though a little
   2989 pricey. We each had a Montejo beer and lime soup, followed by Poc-Chuc¹ and
   2990 Rellenos Negros², along with some fresh handmade tortillas. As with many
   2991 restaurants, homemade tortilla chips and salsas are served with the meal. The
   2992 total came to about 160 pesos, which is enough to buy you several days worth of
   2993 groceries at Wal-Mart or San Francisco in Mérida. The main dining area is
   2994 outdoors under a thatched Mayan style roof (and yes, lots of people still live
   2995 in traditional Mayan huts—some have corrugated metal roofs these days, but just
   2996 as many use the traditional palm fronds). The waiters even offer bug-spray if
   2997 you need it. Fortunately, due to some creative engineering by the staff, you
   2998 don’t need it. Clear plastic bags of water dangle by threads from the roof and,
   2999 in the words of the waiter, &amp;lsquo;when the bug sees his reflection as he gets
   3000 closer, he sees himself reflected so big and ugly that it scares him away.&amp;rsquo; It
   3001 seems to work—we didn’t see a single fly or mosquito during lunch, and there
   3002 were tons outside. Royal Thai in San Rafael, California does the same thing, so
   3003 there’s got to be something to it.&lt;/p&gt;
   3004 &lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, I forgot to bring the memory card for the camera, so no
   3005 pictures, but it was well worth the trip.&lt;/p&gt;
   3006 &lt;h3 id=&#34;glossary&#34;&gt;Glossary&lt;/h3&gt;
   3007 &lt;ol&gt;
   3008 &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Poc-Chuc:&lt;/em&gt; A Yucatecan dish made with pork marinaded in orange juice.&lt;/li&gt;
   3009 &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Rellenos Negros:&lt;/em&gt; A spicy, black Yucatecan soup made from beans, with
   3010 pieces of chicken and a hard boiled egg bathing in it.&lt;/li&gt;
   3011 &lt;/ol&gt;
   3012 </description>
   3013     </item>
   3014     
   3015     <item>
   3016       <title>Quest for a Hammock</title>
   3017       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/08/quest-for-a-hammock/</link>
   3018       <pubDate>Tue, 28 Aug 2001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   3019       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   3020       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/08/quest-for-a-hammock/</guid>
   3021       <description>&lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2001-08-28-old-door.jpg&#34;
   3022     alt=&#34;A worn-down wooden door lies framed by a crumbling building façade in Mérida. Traces of faded lettering remain where the paint has not flaked away.&#34;&gt;
   3023 &lt;/figure&gt;
   3024 
   3025 &lt;p&gt;In Mérida, most people sleep in hammocks. Walk down any residential street and
   3026 look in the windows and you’ll see hammocks strung all over the room. What I’m
   3027 getting at is that I finally caved in and bought a hammock. Now sit back and
   3028 listen, ’cause here’s my advice…&lt;/p&gt;
   3029 &lt;p&gt;If you’re in Mérida, you’ll be approached every five minutes by someone wanting
   3030 to sell you a hammock off the street. Do not buy it! That man is crazy! The
   3031 quality of hammock you get from a wandering hammock guy is a mystery until you
   3032 try it out. And you’re not going to be trying it out until after you’ve paid
   3033 for it. Generally speaking, they’re pretty bad. Locals refer to them as
   3034 ‘hospital hammocks’ because that’s where you end up if you use them. Go to a
   3035 hammock shop with a good reputation. If they can show you a photo album of them
   3036 and their grandparents chopping down sisal (henequen cactus), stripping the
   3037 fibre, and making hammocks, it’s a pretty safe bet that the hammocks are
   3038 good.So Julio Armando pulled out a few hammocks, strung them up, proudly
   3039 displays the threading to show there were no flaws, and got me to jump in and
   3040 take it for a spin. Hammocks come in lots of sizes: single, double,
   3041 matrimonial, and matrimonial especial. The difference is the number of pairs of
   3042 end threads. Matrimonial has about 150 pairs of end threads, whereas a single
   3043 has about 50 and a double has about 100. Keep in mind that these sizes were
   3044 designed for people of Mayan stature, which is a lot smaller than your typical
   3045 Canadian, or Mestizo Mexican.&lt;/p&gt;
   3046 &lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, the walls in the apartment must be the only ones in the whole
   3047 city that doesn’t have hammock hooks! Even a lot of hotels in Mérida provide
   3048 hooks! I ran across the street to the Tlapalería¹ and using hand signals and
   3049 pantomime, bought exactly five metres of nylon rope. Using those engineering
   3050 skills I spent so much effort learning at UVic, and some knots I learned in Boy
   3051 Scouts, I rigged up a makeshift hammock hookup. Unfortunately, the only
   3052 available post to string a rope around was the chunk of wall between the
   3053 balcony door and the window, which meant that both the door and the window had
   3054 to be open to use it, and I had to pull the mosquito screen out of the window
   3055 anytime I wanted to use the hammock.&lt;/p&gt;
   3056 &lt;p&gt;About Mérida’s weather: Maybe you people back home have looked at the
   3057 temperatures in Mérida and thought &amp;lsquo;Wow! They spend the whole summer in the mid
   3058 to upper 30s! It’s just like Cancún!&amp;rsquo; True, but it’s also insanely humid, which
   3059 means you’re covered in sweat 24 hours a day—imagine waking up sticky and
   3060 sweaty every morning; that’s why most people use hammocks. What’s more, unlike
   3061 Cancún, there are thunderstorms every afternoon between about four and seven.
   3062 You can set your watch by them. During these thunderstorms, it rains. A lot. So
   3063 much, in fact, that having the window or door open even a centimetre spells
   3064 certain doom. In short, the hammock is no longer up. Back to the drawing board.&lt;/p&gt;
   3065 &lt;p&gt;A curious side note here. If you wander the streets of Mérida enough, you’ll
   3066 notice an inordinate number of people with one or both eyes missing. The reason
   3067 for this is quite interesting. Mérida is famous around the world for its
   3068 hammocks. And to make hammocks you need henequen fibre. The sisal cactus from
   3069 which you get it has very, very sharp, needle-like barbs. You get the point.&lt;/p&gt;
   3070 &lt;h3 id=&#34;glossary&#34;&gt;Glossary&lt;/h3&gt;
   3071 &lt;ol&gt;
   3072 &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tlapalería:&lt;/em&gt; A sort of little roadside hardware store.&lt;/li&gt;
   3073 &lt;/ol&gt;
   3074 </description>
   3075     </item>
   3076     
   3077     <item>
   3078       <title>Mérida, Yucatán, México</title>
   3079       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/08/merida-yucatan-mexico/</link>
   3080       <pubDate>Fri, 17 Aug 2001 16:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   3081       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   3082       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/08/merida-yucatan-mexico/</guid>
   3083       <description>&lt;p&gt;Arrived in Cancún on Friday at about 6 pm, took out some money from the bank
   3084 machine, and hopped into a colectivo¹ for Ciudad Cancún—the city itself—a
   3085 twenty minute drive from the long strip of hotels between the lagoon and the
   3086 ocean that the outside world refers to as Cancún. By the time the colectivo got
   3087 to the bus station, it was 9 pm, so after checking out the schedule and booking
   3088 tickets, there was just enough time to grab some dinner and get some sleep
   3089 before heading off to Mérida first thing the next morning.&lt;/p&gt;
   3090 &lt;figure&gt;&lt;img src=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/post/2001-08-17-cathedral.jpg&#34;
   3091     alt=&#34;Façade of the Mérida cathedral in the evening light. Groups of pedestrians pass along the sidewalk in front as Volkswagen Beetles drive by.&#34;&gt;
   3092 &lt;/figure&gt;
   3093 
   3094 &lt;p&gt;Sitting in a Mexican bus station is an activity in itself. Drenched in sweat
   3095 and surrounded by hundreds of other sweaty people carrying bags, backpacks, and
   3096 cardboard packages held together with twine, in heat and humidity well above
   3097 what any sane person would tolerate, you gain an appreciation of just how
   3098 patient a people the Mexicans are. Buses come and go as they please; to the
   3099 Mexican bus driver, the posted schedule is only a guideline. Buses are
   3100 notoriously late, and ours is no exception.&lt;/p&gt;
   3101 &lt;p&gt;When it does arrive, the bags are loaded, everyone climbs into their seats and,
   3102 once the bus driver has got his drinks and snacks ready for the trip, he throws
   3103 it into reverse and we´re off. After a four hour ride through the Yucatecan
   3104 jungle, we arrived at the Fiesta Américana terminal in the north end of Mérida.
   3105 From there, we grabbed a taxi into town and unloaded everything at Hotel Mucuy,
   3106 on calle 57 between calle 56 and calle 58, where we stayed while we searched
   3107 for jobs and a place to live.&lt;/p&gt;
   3108 &lt;p&gt;This might be a good time to explain the mysterious numbering system for the
   3109 addresses in Mérida. Odd numbered streets run east-west and even numbered
   3110 streets run north-south. For streets that run diagonally, the ones that run
   3111 from SE to NW are even, the rest are odd—usually. Another challenge is that
   3112 street addresses are not often consistent; number 499 might be three or four
   3113 blocks from 498. Because of this, addresses are usually given as a street
   3114 number and a cross street (for corner addresses) or a street number and the two
   3115 cross streets between which the address lies.&lt;/p&gt;
   3116 &lt;p&gt;Mérida is the capital city of México’s Yucatán state and, centuries ago, was
   3117 the capital of the Mayan empire as well. When the Spanish conquistadors arrived
   3118 in the city in the mid-16th century, led by Francisco de Montejo, they
   3119 discovered the Mayan city of Tihó. Its temples and limestone architecture
   3120 reminded them enough of Mérida, Spain that they promptly renamed the city and
   3121 began dismantling the Mayan structures. While you won’t find any of the
   3122 original Mayan buildings remaining today, the cathedral in the Plaza Principal²
   3123 contains blocks from the Mayan temple that once stood in the same location.&lt;/p&gt;
   3124 &lt;p&gt;In any case, the city today is gorgeous. Its narrow streets and colonial
   3125 architecture give it a traditional feel. Every Sunday, all the streets within
   3126 several blocks of the main plaza are shut down to vehicle traffic while
   3127 musicians play live music near the Plaza Principal, and people dance in the
   3128 streets.&lt;/p&gt;
   3129 &lt;h3 id=&#34;glossary&#34;&gt;Glossary&lt;/h3&gt;
   3130 &lt;ol&gt;
   3131 &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Colectivo:&lt;/em&gt; a communal taxi, usually a VW van, into which the driver packs
   3132 as many people as the laws of physics will allow. For example the last one
   3133 we used had 16 people stuffed into it.&lt;/li&gt;
   3134 &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Plaza Principal:&lt;/em&gt; the main square found in almost every Mexican town.&lt;/li&gt;
   3135 &lt;/ol&gt;
   3136 </description>
   3137     </item>
   3138     
   3139     <item>
   3140       <title>¡Hola México!</title>
   3141       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/08/hola-mexico/</link>
   3142       <pubDate>Fri, 17 Aug 2001 11:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   3143       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   3144       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/08/hola-mexico/</guid>
   3145       <description>&lt;p&gt;After a year and a half in San Francisco, California, we’ve moved to Mérida,
   3146 Yucatán, México. So far so good! The heat is scorching, the humidity is
   3147 sweltering, and the mosquitos are biting. But Mérida is a beautiful city, and
   3148 the people are wonderful.&lt;/p&gt;
   3149 </description>
   3150     </item>
   3151     
   3152     <item>
   3153       <title>About me</title>
   3154       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/about/</link>
   3155       <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   3156       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   3157       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/about/</guid>
   3158       <description>&lt;p&gt;This site is mainly intended as a way to keep in touch with friends and
   3159 family in Canada and elsewhere while I’m off wandering the world from
   3160 one country to the next.&lt;/p&gt;
   3161 &lt;p&gt;I&amp;rsquo;m a software developer who&amp;rsquo;s been fascinated by computers since I was
   3162 a kid. I wrote my first lines of BASIC and 6502 assembly on a Canadian
   3163 knock-off Apple II+ clone made by Apco, dutifully copying source
   3164 listings line-by-line from &lt;em&gt;Compute!&lt;/em&gt; magazine. Working my way up
   3165 through a Laser Turbo XT and a 286, I finally landed on a 386 DX
   3166 clocking in at a whopping 33 MHz. It was on this machine that I first
   3167 installed Linux from a stack of 3.5&amp;quot; floppies and learned to code in
   3168 Pascal and C. A couple years later, sometime in the mid-90s, some
   3169 classmates convinced me I should check out FreeBSD, and because I&amp;rsquo;m
   3170 used to it, but also out of sheer laziness, I&amp;rsquo;ve been using it as my
   3171 main home setup pretty much ever since.&lt;/p&gt;
   3172 &lt;p&gt;I headed off to university sometime in the early 90s. Seven years later,
   3173 after wandering aimlessly from faculty to faculty through Chemistry,
   3174 Physics &amp;amp; Astronomy, Japanese, and Electrical and Computer engineering
   3175 programmes, I decided enough was enough, grabbed my B.Eng., and booted
   3176 myself out the door and into the world.&lt;/p&gt;
   3177 &lt;p&gt;Initially, I moved south of the border to spend a couple years in
   3178 California working on AutoCAD at Autodesk. Deciding that this wasn&amp;rsquo;t
   3179 south-of-the-border enough, I packed my bags and headed to Mérida,
   3180 México, which sits neatly within the borders of the Chicxulub crater
   3181 where the asteroid that caused the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction
   3182 event landed. I spent the year writing point-of-sale software for a
   3183 local art gallery, doing some travelling, and doing some teaching on the
   3184 side.&lt;/p&gt;
   3185 &lt;p&gt;A year later, as my visa neared its end, I started wandering my way back
   3186 to Canada via Cuba, Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras before remembering
   3187 which way was north and zig-zagging my way slowly back home on
   3188 third-class buses.&lt;/p&gt;
   3189 &lt;p&gt;A couple years later, after some more hacking on 3D CAD software, I
   3190 picked up my few possessions and moved to Tokyo, Japan, where I met my
   3191 wife, learned to speak, read, and write Japanese, got married, and had
   3192 kids. I&amp;rsquo;ve had the pleasure of working on a variety of projects ranging from 3D
   3193 CAD software, to equities trading systems, to the
   3194 &lt;a href=&#34;http://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/&#34;&gt;Dart programming language&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a href=&#34;http://github.com/flutter/flutter/&#34;&gt;Flutter SDK&lt;/a&gt;, and the
   3195 &lt;a href=&#34;http://fuchsia.googlesource.com/&#34;&gt;Fuchsia operating system&lt;/a&gt;. I currently work on open source projects at
   3196 Google.&lt;/p&gt;
   3197 &lt;p&gt;You can drop me a line anytime at &lt;a href=&#34;mailto:chris@bracken.jp&#34;&gt;chris@bracken.jp&lt;/a&gt;. (en, fr, ja)&lt;/p&gt;
   3198 &lt;h2 id=&#34;about-this-site&#34;&gt;About this site&lt;/h2&gt;
   3199 &lt;p&gt;This site contains no tracking, no cookies, and no JavaScript. It should
   3200 work well with screen-readers and text-mode browsers. My web skills are
   3201 near-nonexistent, so if you&amp;rsquo;ve got feedback on how it could be improved,
   3202 shoot me an email.&lt;/p&gt;
   3203 &lt;p&gt;You can find the source and instructions on how to build the site
   3204 &lt;a href=&#34;https://git.bracken.jp/blog&#34;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
   3205 &lt;h2 id=&#34;pgp-public-key&#34;&gt;PGP public key&lt;/h2&gt;
   3206 &lt;p&gt;If you&amp;rsquo;re a fan of crypto, you can find my public key below, or
   3207 &lt;a href=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/cbracken.asc&#34;&gt;download it&lt;/a&gt;. I&amp;rsquo;ve also posted
   3208 &lt;a href=&#34;https://chris.bracken.jp/pgp_verify.txt&#34;&gt;proof of ownership&lt;/a&gt; of this site.&lt;/p&gt;
   3209 &lt;p&gt;GPG fingerprint: &lt;code&gt;A675C99848CEF8642180465EE15C4E854923C76C&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
   3210 &lt;pre tabindex=&#34;0&#34;&gt;&lt;code&gt;-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
   3211 
   3212 mDMEaGFzuhYJKwYBBAHaRw8BAQdAc50JBE36Cc2BBCQgMl3BrUGgTgbIcKoaJQLY
   3213 8C38QZG0IENocmlzIEJyYWNrZW4gPGNocmlzQGJyYWNrZW4uanA+iJkEExYKAEEW
   3214 IQSmdcmYSM74ZCGARl7hXE6FSSPHbAUCaGFzugIbAwUJAeKFAAULCQgHAgIiAgYV
   3215 CgkICwIEFgIDAQIeBwIXgAAKCRDhXE6FSSPHbL8tAQCnFP5qJn7MTH0SaukmFqyi
   3216 2OkbOE0us6s2RTPtK+YuAwEAm01WMJmEC68QXJXPBK5CZQyJH2Eq6NzpiJO8AFg1
   3217 8A6JATMEEAEIAB0WIQSe9pV69nNlLkq1VC275Fhoy+io/gUCaGF1FgAKCRC75Fho
   3218 y+io/j2YB/9ir1kIX3Ql57ZTHzBb7vCrptGO1erjSC4dfHUranK7LapQuMMO0ILe
   3219 u7H3J6yBozAyskKvIjwJKVgWSO83PHZZdqjyvJUuwV2wWI2p2RowD5PUSjGczm+p
   3220 Aaiowd7QwtXMdWyHDH+CDi9aJfAv+IU3O7NKybkvE2hN0jFqzV48uzT/wsMTKx6U
   3221 Q0iNjKpLg6zarRL+GTs8bKjKK9hkRxg5Km19h19KErAKMOU8YDA6RGh7Uq6h/D1R
   3222 LvXkrk7faT3TGaOAUEdKZvU2ebr5dY0u54BmidK+k5oQhGsET53+zQ9R+QH2olAO
   3223 6kBgNu4ABqoD+jeGfx+9xrawidXyNlS5uDgEaGFzuhIKKwYBBAGXVQEFAQEHQOAq
   3224 lc3NkARc/TYXs7DAIp1uERKlacaI/ylR2rwNzFZhAwEIB4h+BBgWCgAmFiEEpnXJ
   3225 mEjO+GQhgEZe4VxOhUkjx2wFAmhhc7oCGwwFCQHihQAACgkQ4VxOhUkjx2z05AD/
   3226 SSZCTyisFf9KR9IoKZI/FJevMgQuzrxfAIH5o/BQOaYA/2fC7Y8IPvh/VhHEZYke
   3227 xVlxyvHnofZwuQM0XjQnlSwN
   3228 =0tI6
   3229 -----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
   3230 &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;</description>
   3231     </item>
   3232     
   3233     <item>
   3234       <title>Code</title>
   3235       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/code/</link>
   3236       <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   3237       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   3238       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/code/</guid>
   3239       <description>&lt;p&gt;You can find most of the public code I contribute to hosted at one of
   3240 the following sites:&lt;/p&gt;
   3241 &lt;ul&gt;
   3242 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://git.bracken.jp/&#34;&gt;git.bracken.jp&lt;/a&gt;: My self-hosted git repos.&lt;/li&gt;
   3243 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://github.com/cbracken/&#34;&gt;GitHub&lt;/a&gt;: The most popular source code
   3244 hosting solution and where most of my public contributions lie.&lt;/li&gt;
   3245 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://gitlab.com/cbracken/&#34;&gt;GitLab&lt;/a&gt;: Better features and UI than
   3246 GitHub.&lt;/li&gt;
   3247 &lt;/ul&gt;
   3248 &lt;h2 id=&#34;significant-contributions&#34;&gt;Significant contributions&lt;/h2&gt;
   3249 &lt;ul&gt;
   3250 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://github.com/flutter/flutter/&#34;&gt;Flutter&lt;/a&gt;: portable,
   3251 cross-platform app SDK and runtime. Most of my contributions focus on
   3252 the portable C++ &lt;a href=&#34;http://github.com/flutter/engine/&#34;&gt;runtime&lt;/a&gt;, the
   3253 platform-specific embedders, and tools.&lt;/li&gt;
   3254 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/&#34;&gt;Dart SDK/VM&lt;/a&gt;: the Dart programming
   3255 language is a strongly-typed, object-oriented, garbage-collected
   3256 language with C-like syntax. Compiles to either native code (either
   3257 ahead-of-time or JITed in the VM) or JavaScript for the web.&lt;/li&gt;
   3258 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://github.com/dart-lang/coverage/&#34;&gt;Dart Code Coverage&lt;/a&gt;: LCOV
   3259 support for code executed on the Dart VM.&lt;/li&gt;
   3260 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://github.com/dart-lang/fixnum/&#34;&gt;Fixnum&lt;/a&gt;: a fixed-width 32- and
   3261 64-bit integer library for Dart. Dart&amp;rsquo;s int semantics vary between
   3262 native platforms (64-bit) and the web (IEEE 53-bit mantissa). This
   3263 library allows those with hard requirements on 64-bit values (e.g.
   3264 database IDs) to write code that is portable to web targets.&lt;/li&gt;
   3265 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://github.com/google/quiver-dart/&#34;&gt;Quiver&lt;/a&gt;: a set of utility
   3266 libraries for Dart.&lt;/li&gt;
   3267 &lt;/ul&gt;
   3268 </description>
   3269     </item>
   3270     
   3271     <item>
   3272       <title>Kyoto・京都</title>
   3273       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/japan/kyoto/</link>
   3274       <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   3275       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   3276       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/japan/kyoto/</guid>
   3277       <description>&lt;h2 id=&#34;general-wandering-around-town&#34;&gt;General wandering around town&lt;/h2&gt;
   3278 &lt;h3 id=&#34;nishiki-market錦市場&#34;&gt;Nishiki market・錦市場&lt;/h3&gt;
   3279 &lt;p&gt;Kawaramachi Station (Karasuma subway line)・河原町駅(地下鉄烏丸線)&lt;/p&gt;
   3280 &lt;p&gt;You should totally do this. It&amp;rsquo;s an awesome walk through a working market
   3281 selling everything from miso to spices to bowls and teacups to fish. There are a
   3282 bunch of restaurants around here too. (&lt;a href=&#34;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishiki_Market&#34;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;
   3283 &lt;h3 id=&#34;pontocho先斗町&#34;&gt;Pontocho・先斗町&lt;/h3&gt;
   3284 &lt;p&gt;Pontocho is a narrow street that runs north-south on the west side of the Kamo
   3285 river. Lined with restaurants and typical Kyoto style &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.japan-architecture.org/inuyarai/&#34;&gt;inuyarai&lt;/a&gt;. Definitely
   3286 worth a visit at night. In the summer, many of the restaurants along the river
   3287 attach large decks for outdoor dining in the evening. (&lt;a href=&#34;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponto-ch%C5%8D&#34;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;
   3288 &lt;h3 id=&#34;ne-ne-no-michiねねの道&#34;&gt;Ne-ne no michi・ねねの道&lt;/h3&gt;
   3289 &lt;p&gt;Kawaramachi station (Tozai subway line)・河原町駅(地下鉄東西線)&lt;br&gt;
   3290 Gion-shijo station (Keihan line)・祇園四条駅(京阪線)&lt;/p&gt;
   3291 &lt;p&gt;If you do the walk through Yasaka shrine to Kiyomizu temple, wander through here
   3292 on the way. It&amp;rsquo;s a touristy but fun old-school area of Kyoto. You&amp;rsquo;ll probably
   3293 see a bunch of fake maiko (geisha apprentices) wandering around, but sometimes
   3294 real ones too. (&lt;a href=&#34;https://www.japan-experience.com/all-about-japan/kyoto/attractions-excursions/nene-no-michi&#34;&gt;More info&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;
   3295 &lt;h2 id=&#34;shrines-and-temples&#34;&gt;Shrines and temples&lt;/h2&gt;
   3296 &lt;p&gt;Wikipedia has a good overview of the best-known &lt;a href=&#34;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_Monuments_of_Ancient_Kyoto_(Kyoto,_Uji_and_Otsu_Cities)&#34;&gt;Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
   3297 &lt;h3 id=&#34;fushimi-inari-shrine伏見稲荷大社&#34;&gt;Fushimi-Inari shrine・伏見稲荷大社&lt;/h3&gt;
   3298 &lt;p&gt;Fushimi Inari Station (Keihan line)・伏見稲荷駅(京阪線)&lt;/p&gt;
   3299 &lt;p&gt;This is the well-known shrine with the thousands of red &amp;rsquo;torii&amp;rsquo; gates.
   3300 Definitely worth a visit. It gets crowded during the day but if you go early in
   3301 the morning (6:30 or even 7am), you&amp;rsquo;ll practically have the place to yourself.
   3302 After the first set of gates you end up at a sort of second area with a couple
   3303 little shops etc, but keep following the narrow steps up and there&amp;rsquo;s some nice
   3304 hiking up higher (and it&amp;rsquo;s less crowded). (&lt;a href=&#34;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fushimi_Inari-taisha&#34;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;
   3305 &lt;h3 id=&#34;shimogamo-shrine下鴨神社&#34;&gt;Shimogamo shrine・下鴨神社&lt;/h3&gt;
   3306 &lt;p&gt;Demachiyanagi Station (Karasuma subway line)・出町柳駅(地下鉄烏丸線)&lt;/p&gt;
   3307 &lt;p&gt;Built in the 5th century, but there&amp;rsquo;s been stuff there since the 8th century BC.
   3308 One of 17 Unesco world heritage sites in Japan. There are sometimes festivals,
   3309 events, marriages, here. Fall colours should be nice too in the short walk
   3310 through the forest to get there. (&lt;a href=&#34;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimogamo_Shrine&#34;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;
   3311 &lt;h3 id=&#34;kiyomizu-temple清水寺&#34;&gt;Kiyomizu temple・清水寺&lt;/h3&gt;
   3312 &lt;p&gt;Gojo Station (Karasuma subway line)・五条駅(地下鉄烏丸線)&lt;br&gt;
   3313 Kiyomizu-gojo Station (Keihan line)・清水五条駅(京阪線)&lt;/p&gt;
   3314 &lt;p&gt;Worth a visit even though it’ll be busy with tourists. The area around is fun
   3315 too. Another Unesco world heritage site, autumn leaves are great and there’s a
   3316 good view of Kyoto. Built ~1400 years ago. A couple options to get there:&lt;/p&gt;
   3317 &lt;ol&gt;
   3318 &lt;li&gt;Start at Yasaka shrine (Tozai subway line: Sanjo station or Higashiyama
   3319 station, or Keihan line: Sanjo station) wander through it, till you end up in
   3320 Maruyama park. There’ll be some small ponds and a cafe or two, turn right
   3321 (south) and find Ne-ne-no-michi (a kind of narrow street) and wander through
   3322 the winding streets from there, and up the hill. Before you head up though
   3323 consider turning north and making a quick visit to Chion-in (see below) since
   3324 it’s about a 2 min walk from there.&lt;/li&gt;
   3325 &lt;li&gt;Start at Gojo-Zaka and head up this narrowish path called &amp;lsquo;Toribeno Sando&amp;rsquo;
   3326 through that goes past Toribeyamataishakutenotsumyo Temple and through the
   3327 big spooky graveyard. Or do both &amp;ndash; up Matsubara-dōri and down the hill.
   3328 Japanese cemeteries can be pretty photogenic.&lt;/li&gt;
   3329 &lt;/ol&gt;
   3330 &lt;p&gt;(&lt;a href=&#34;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyomizu-dera&#34;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;
   3331 &lt;h3 id=&#34;chion-in知恩院&#34;&gt;Chion-in・知恩院&lt;/h3&gt;
   3332 &lt;p&gt;Shijo Karasuma Station (Karasuma subway line)・四条烏丸駅(地下鉄烏丸線)&lt;br&gt;
   3333 Shijo Station (Keihan line)・四条駅(京阪線)&lt;br&gt;
   3334 Higashiyama Station (Tozai subway line)・東山駅(地下鉄東西線)&lt;/p&gt;
   3335 &lt;p&gt;I’m kind of embarrassed to say that it took me 33 years of visiting and living
   3336 in Kyoto to actually go inside, but definitely worth a visit. Go through Yasaka
   3337 Shrine to the east and when you get to Maruyama park, there’ll be a couple ponds
   3338 and some shops. Turn north here and walk up the road a couple minutes till get
   3339 you to a massive gate called San-mon (三問), head up the stairs and go inside.
   3340 (&lt;a href=&#34;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chion-in&#34;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;
   3341 &lt;h3 id=&#34;nanzenji南禅寺&#34;&gt;Nanzenji・南禅寺&lt;/h3&gt;
   3342 &lt;p&gt;Keage Station (Tozai subway line)・蹴上駅(地下鉄東西線)&lt;/p&gt;
   3343 &lt;p&gt;This is one of my personal favourite temples. There are usually not too many
   3344 tourists, but if you want to check out a &amp;lsquo;real&amp;rsquo; temple, it&amp;rsquo;s definitely worth a
   3345 check out on a day you feel like a quiet laid back walk. Also good for fall
   3346 colours, and it&amp;rsquo;s got a some neat nooks and crannies and smaller areas to
   3347 explore right next door. Even though they charge ~300 yen to go up to the top of
   3348 the big gate, the view is good and you can just sit down on the balcony up there
   3349 and check out the view/read a book, etc. (&lt;a href=&#34;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanzen-ji&#34;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;
   3350 &lt;h3 id=&#34;daitoku-ji大徳寺&#34;&gt;Daitoku-ji・大徳寺&lt;/h3&gt;
   3351 &lt;p&gt;Kitaoji Station (Karasuma subway line) + 15 min walk・北大路駅(地下鉄烏丸線)&lt;/p&gt;
   3352 &lt;p&gt;Probably the highest temple + garden density in Kyoto.
   3353 (&lt;a href=&#34;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daitoku-ji&#34;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;
   3354 &lt;h3 id=&#34;nishi-honganji-and-higashi-honganji西本願寺と東本願寺&#34;&gt;Nishi-Honganji and Higashi-Honganji・西本願寺と東本願寺&lt;/h3&gt;
   3355 &lt;p&gt;Kyoto Station・京都駅&lt;/p&gt;
   3356 &lt;p&gt;These two temples are just a few minutes walk from Kyoto station. Both are large
   3357 Buddhist temples ordered built by shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu in the late 16th/eary
   3358 17th centuries. They&amp;rsquo;re not particularly spectacular, but they are really
   3359 convenient to get to if you&amp;rsquo;re downtown. If I had to pick just one to visit, I&amp;rsquo;d
   3360 pick Nishi-Honganji. Wikipedia entries for &lt;a href=&#34;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishi_Hongan-ji&#34;&gt;Nishi-Honganji&lt;/a&gt; and
   3361 &lt;a href=&#34;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higashi_Hongan-ji&#34;&gt;Higashi-Honganji&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
   3362 &lt;h3 id=&#34;nijo-castle-tozai-subway-line-nijojo-mae-station&#34;&gt;Nijo Castle (Tozai subway line: Nijojo-mae station).&lt;/h3&gt;
   3363 &lt;p&gt;Technically not a shrine or a temple, and not a big huge badass castle like
   3364 Himeji or Matsumoto, but lots of artwork on &amp;lsquo;fusuma&amp;rsquo; sliding screens and history
   3365 stuff if you&amp;rsquo;re into that. If you&amp;rsquo;re not, then probably underwhelming.
   3366 (&lt;a href=&#34;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nij%C5%8D_Castle&#34;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;
   3367 &lt;h2 id=&#34;stores-and-shops&#34;&gt;Stores and shops&lt;/h2&gt;
   3368 &lt;ul&gt;
   3369 &lt;li&gt;Isetan department store in Kyoto station (or really any Japanese department
   3370 store). There&amp;rsquo;s usually a section of Japanese tableware (chopsticks, bowls,
   3371 teapots, etc.) in the top few floors of most Japanese department stores. 9F
   3372 has kimonos/yukatas. 10F has stationery and tableware. As noted on the main
   3373 Japan page, the top floor has restaurants and the B1 floor is absolute madness
   3374 filled with delicious take-out food. Other alternatives are Takashimaya or
   3375 Daimaru in the Shijo area.&lt;/li&gt;
   3376 &lt;/ul&gt;
   3377 &lt;h2 id=&#34;anti-recommendations&#34;&gt;Anti-recommendations&lt;/h2&gt;
   3378 &lt;ul&gt;
   3379 &lt;li&gt;Heian Shrine. Just a big massive gate, lots of gravel, and few trees.
   3380 (&lt;a href=&#34;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heian_Shrine&#34;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
   3381 &lt;li&gt;Kyoto tower. Built pretty much when everyone needed some crappy tower&amp;hellip; this
   3382 is the Calgary Tower of Japan.&lt;/li&gt;
   3383 &lt;li&gt;Osaka Castle. I realise it&amp;rsquo;s not Kyoto, but if you want a castle whose outside
   3384 fools you into thinking you&amp;rsquo;re about to check out a historic castle, but
   3385 that&amp;rsquo;s actually been renovated into a kind of crappy museum with an elevator
   3386 to the top, this is the place. (&lt;a href=&#34;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osaka_Castle&#34;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
   3387 &lt;li&gt;I&amp;rsquo;m not a huge fan of the Imperial Palace, not that it&amp;rsquo;s crap, it&amp;rsquo;s just big
   3388 and quite empty-ish. That said, I think you can get into a bunch of places now
   3389 that no-one ever used to be allowed in to. It&amp;rsquo;s actually quite nice on rainy
   3390 days, but can be scorching in the summer. (&lt;a href=&#34;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Imperial_Palace&#34;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
   3391 &lt;/ul&gt;
   3392 </description>
   3393     </item>
   3394     
   3395     <item>
   3396       <title>Tokyo・東京</title>
   3397       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/japan/tokyo/</link>
   3398       <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   3399       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   3400       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/japan/tokyo/</guid>
   3401       <description>&lt;h2 id=&#34;general-wandering-around-town&#34;&gt;General wandering around town&lt;/h2&gt;
   3402 &lt;h3 id=&#34;shibuya渋谷&#34;&gt;Shibuya・渋谷&lt;/h3&gt;
   3403 &lt;p&gt;Shibuya station (JR Yamanote line)・渋谷駅(山手線)and many other lines.&lt;/p&gt;
   3404 &lt;p&gt;Hachiko exit:&lt;/p&gt;
   3405 &lt;ul&gt;
   3406 &lt;li&gt;Shibuya scramble crosswalk&lt;/li&gt;
   3407 &lt;li&gt;Dogenzaka/Love Hotel Hill&lt;/li&gt;
   3408 &lt;/ul&gt;
   3409 &lt;h3 id=&#34;harajuku原宿&#34;&gt;Harajuku・原宿&lt;/h3&gt;
   3410 &lt;p&gt;Harajuku station (JR Yamanote line)・原宿駅(山手線)&lt;br&gt;
   3411 Jingu-mae station (Chiyoda line)・神宮前駅(千代田線)&lt;br&gt;
   3412 Meiji Jingu Mae station (Fukutoshin line)・明治神宮前駅(副都心線)&lt;/p&gt;
   3413 &lt;p&gt;Directions below are given relative to JR Harajuku Station on the Yamanote line
   3414 since it&amp;rsquo;s the easiest option.&lt;/p&gt;
   3415 &lt;p&gt;Main exit:&lt;/p&gt;
   3416 &lt;ul&gt;
   3417 &lt;li&gt;On the bridge just to the right as you exit the station, you&amp;rsquo;ll find tons of
   3418 people dressed up on get-togethers each Sunday.&lt;/li&gt;
   3419 &lt;li&gt;The entrance to Meiji shrine is also right there.&lt;/li&gt;
   3420 &lt;li&gt;A bit to the left of the entrance to the shrine is Yoyogi park, where lots of
   3421 locals go to relax on weekends.&lt;/li&gt;
   3422 &lt;li&gt;As you exit the station, cross the street to the left, and walk down
   3423 Omote-sando to see a bunch of trendy shops. The trees are lit up at night. At
   3424 the next big intersection, you can enter Omotesando station(表参道駅)and
   3425 take the Hanzomon line(半蔵門線)back to Shibuya station(渋谷駅).&lt;/li&gt;
   3426 &lt;/ul&gt;
   3427 &lt;p&gt;Takenoshita exit:&lt;/p&gt;
   3428 &lt;ul&gt;
   3429 &lt;li&gt;The really well-known Takenoshita Street and all its fashion shops are to the
   3430 east of the station. It&amp;rsquo;s easier to exit through the Takenoshita exit, but you
   3431 can go out the main exit and do a U-turn to the left, and follow the station
   3432 along till you get to the Takenoshita exit.&lt;/li&gt;
   3433 &lt;/ul&gt;
   3434 &lt;h3 id=&#34;shinjuku新宿&#34;&gt;Shinjuku・新宿&lt;/h3&gt;
   3435 &lt;p&gt;Tokyo&amp;rsquo;s most famous business district, packed with skyscrapers and neon. Lots of
   3436 dining with good night views over the city on the upper floors of skyscrapers.&lt;/p&gt;
   3437 &lt;p&gt;North of the station&amp;rsquo;s East Exit(新宿駅東口)there&amp;rsquo;s Kabuki-cho(歌舞伎町),
   3438 Tokyo&amp;rsquo;s most famous red-light district and sort of a tourist attraction in its
   3439 own right, just don&amp;rsquo;t agree to let touts on the street take you anywhere.
   3440 There&amp;rsquo;s a fairly well-known scam in which foreigners are enticed with promises
   3441 of all sorts of things, only to find they&amp;rsquo;ve been served a spiked drink and had
   3442 their wallet emptied out. Wandering around can be quite entertaining.&lt;/p&gt;
   3443 &lt;p&gt;On the eastern edge of Kabuki-cho is Golden-gai(ゴルデン街), a small series of
   3444 alleyways full of tiny bars that fit 4-8 people, each of which specialises in
   3445 some very specific drink.&lt;/p&gt;
   3446 &lt;h3 id=&#34;ginza銀座&#34;&gt;Ginza・銀座&lt;/h3&gt;
   3447 &lt;p&gt;Ginza is Tokyo&amp;rsquo;s luxury shopping district, in particular along
   3448 Chuo-dori(中央通り). Also home to the Kabukiza theatre where you can check out
   3449 a Kabuki show. If you like stationery shops, Itoya is 12 floors high and
   3450 probably one of the biggest in Japan.&lt;/p&gt;
   3451 &lt;p&gt;On the water, there&amp;rsquo;s Hama-rikyu Gardens (浜離宮)which is a nice Japanese style
   3452 garden surrounded by skyscrapers.&lt;/p&gt;
   3453 &lt;h3 id=&#34;naka-meguro中目黒&#34;&gt;Naka-meguro・中目黒&lt;/h3&gt;
   3454 &lt;p&gt;Naka-meguro is a laid-back sort of hipster neighbourhood with lots of small
   3455 cafés and restaurants, as well as the well-known Meguro canal, lined with
   3456 cherry-blossom trees in springtime.&lt;/p&gt;
   3457 &lt;h3 id=&#34;azabu-juban麻布十番&#34;&gt;Azabu-juban・麻布十番&lt;/h3&gt;
   3458 &lt;p&gt;Another laid-back neighbourhood which is a mix of cobblestone streets,
   3459 traditional shops and trendy restaurants and cafés. It&amp;rsquo;s also where a ton of
   3460 foreign embassies are and is a relatively popular neighbourhood to live for
   3461 European and North American locals.&lt;/p&gt;
   3462 &lt;h2 id=&#34;sports&#34;&gt;Sports&lt;/h2&gt;
   3463 &lt;p&gt;If you&amp;rsquo;re into baseball, consider booking tickets to a
   3464 &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.giants.jp/en/schedule/&#34;&gt;Yomiuri Giants&lt;/a&gt; game.&lt;/p&gt;
   3465 &lt;p&gt;If you&amp;rsquo;re into football/soccer, consider booking tickets to a
   3466 &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.jleague.co&#34;&gt;J-league&lt;/a&gt; game.&lt;/p&gt;
   3467 &lt;h2 id=&#34;anti-recommendations&#34;&gt;Anti-recommendations&lt;/h2&gt;
   3468 &lt;ul&gt;
   3469 &lt;li&gt;If you&amp;rsquo;re planning to visit Kyoto, get your temple/shrine fix there, and skip
   3470 Sensoji/Kaminari-mon in Asakusa.&lt;/li&gt;
   3471 &lt;/ul&gt;
   3472 </description>
   3473     </item>
   3474     
   3475     <item>
   3476       <title>Visiting Japan</title>
   3477       <link>https://chris.bracken.jp/japan/</link>
   3478       <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
   3479       <author>chris@bracken.jp (Chris Bracken)</author>
   3480       <guid>https://chris.bracken.jp/japan/</guid>
   3481       <description>&lt;h3 id=&#34;city-specific-info&#34;&gt;City-specific info&lt;/h3&gt;
   3482 &lt;ul&gt;
   3483 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;kyoto&#34;&gt;Kyoto・京都&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
   3484 &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;tokyo&#34;&gt;Tokyo・東京&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
   3485 &lt;/ul&gt;
   3486 &lt;h3 id=&#34;transportation&#34;&gt;Transportation&lt;/h3&gt;
   3487 &lt;ul&gt;
   3488 &lt;li&gt;If you have an iPhone, &lt;a href=&#34;https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT207155&#34;&gt;add a Suica card&lt;/a&gt; in Apple Wallet. If not,
   3489 pick one up from any JR station. At last check, physical Suica cards were no
   3490 longer available due to a semiconductor shortage, tourists can pick up a
   3491 &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.jreast.co.jp/multi/en/welcomesuica/welcomesuica.html&#34;&gt;Welcome Suica&lt;/a&gt; card, but these are ONLY available at Narita
   3492 and Haneda airports.&lt;/li&gt;
   3493 &lt;/ul&gt;
   3494 &lt;h3 id=&#34;luggage&#34;&gt;Luggage&lt;/h3&gt;
   3495 &lt;ul&gt;
   3496 &lt;li&gt;If at all possible, limit your luggage to carry-on sized suitcases and use
   3497 laundry machines at hotels. Lugging large suitcases through crowded stations
   3498 and on trains &amp;ndash; particularly on weekdays during rush hour &amp;ndash; can be pretty
   3499 inconvenient. If you need a large suitcase, consider also bringing a carry-on
   3500 sized suitcase containing two days worth of clothing, then see the next point.&lt;/li&gt;
   3501 &lt;li&gt;Luggage can be shipped by courier (&lt;a href=&#34;https://www.kuronekoyamato.co.jp/ytc/en/send/services/airport/&#34;&gt;Kuroneko Yamato&lt;/a&gt;), typically
   3502 overnight, to anywhere in the country for very reasonable prices (~¥3000). You
   3503 can do this from most hotels and convenience stores. Shipping to airports
   3504 typically takes TWO days.&lt;/li&gt;
   3505 &lt;li&gt;Hotels are happy to hold luggage after checkout at the desk for free,
   3506 typically up until end-of-day, so there&amp;rsquo;s no need to lug bags around. If you
   3507 prefer, most train stations offer coin lockers of various sizes where you can
   3508 place bags. If they&amp;rsquo;re full, ask station staff and they&amp;rsquo;ll point you to open
   3509 lockers, or sometimes hold them at the information desk.&lt;/li&gt;
   3510 &lt;/ul&gt;
   3511 &lt;h3 id=&#34;banking-and-payments&#34;&gt;Banking and payments&lt;/h3&gt;
   3512 &lt;ul&gt;
   3513 &lt;li&gt;Most Japanese ATMs won&amp;rsquo;t work with foreign cards. You can find ATMs that work
   3514 with foreign cards in every 7-11. (&lt;a href=&#34;https://www.sevenbank.co.jp/intlcard/index2.html&#34;&gt;ATM Locator&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;
   3515 &lt;li&gt;When paying at stores and restaurants via credit card, the machine may
   3516 occasionally offer a choice between paying in yen or your own currency. If
   3517 your card doesn&amp;rsquo;t impose foreign transaction fees, it&amp;rsquo;s almost always cheaper
   3518 to choose to pay in yen. The rate offered by these machines aren&amp;rsquo;t great.&lt;/li&gt;
   3519 &lt;li&gt;I&amp;rsquo;d recommend always carrying cash. Most businesses accept credit cards, but
   3520 you&amp;rsquo;ll still find places that either don&amp;rsquo;t take cards or where your card
   3521 mysteriously doesn&amp;rsquo;t work.&lt;/li&gt;
   3522 &lt;li&gt;Convenience stores and some vending machines allow payment via Suica card.&lt;/li&gt;
   3523 &lt;/ul&gt;
   3524 &lt;h3 id=&#34;food-and-dining&#34;&gt;Food and dining&lt;/h3&gt;
   3525 &lt;ul&gt;
   3526 &lt;li&gt;In large department stores and some office buildings, you&amp;rsquo;ll almost always
   3527 find restaurants on the top couple floors. In Tokyo, this can mean spectacular
   3528 views.&lt;/li&gt;
   3529 &lt;li&gt;In the first basement (B1) level of most department stores, you&amp;rsquo;ll find the
   3530 most amazing collection of to-go food counters with everything from simple
   3531 yakisoba through incredibly fancy Japanese and western cakes and desserts. If
   3532 you&amp;rsquo;re looking for nicely-packaged food gifts for friends back home, this is a
   3533 great place to get them. It&amp;rsquo;s also a great place to grab food for a picnic in
   3534 the park.&lt;/li&gt;
   3535 &lt;li&gt;When entering, you&amp;rsquo;ll almost always be asked how many people you are. You can
   3536 just hold up the right number of fingers, but if you want to get fancy also
   3537 say 1: hitori, 2: futari, 3: san-nin, 4: yo-nin, 5: go-nin, 6: roku-nin.&lt;/li&gt;
   3538 &lt;li&gt;The bill will almost always be left on the table after you&amp;rsquo;ve ordered. If not,
   3539 you can request it by saying &amp;ldquo;o-kaikei onegai shimasu&amp;rdquo; or catching your waiter
   3540 or waitress&amp;rsquo;s eye from across the room and making an &amp;lsquo;x&amp;rsquo; gesture with your
   3541 index fingers. Bills are almost always paid at the cashier on the way out, not
   3542 at the table.&lt;/li&gt;
   3543 &lt;li&gt;Before you eat, it&amp;rsquo;s traditional to say &amp;ldquo;itadakimasu&amp;rdquo; (I humbly receive);
   3544 you&amp;rsquo;ll hear this from a ton of tables around you. If you&amp;rsquo;re eating with a
   3545 Japanese person, or at their home, you should definitely say it.&lt;/li&gt;
   3546 &lt;li&gt;Similarly, after you eat, it&amp;rsquo;s polite to say &amp;ldquo;gochiso-sama deshita&amp;rdquo; (thank you
   3547 for the meal). If one person in particular is paying, you should say it to
   3548 them, but also as you walk out of restaurants, you&amp;rsquo;ll often be assailed with
   3549 shouts of &amp;ldquo;arigatou gozaimasu&amp;rdquo; (thank you) from all the staff. They&amp;rsquo;ll love it
   3550 if you toss a &amp;ldquo;gochiso-sama deshita&amp;rdquo; their way on your way out and/or at the
   3551 cashier.&lt;/li&gt;
   3552 &lt;li&gt;There is no tipping in Japan. Service is expected to be good, and restaurant
   3553 staff are generally paid reasonable wages.&lt;/li&gt;
   3554 &lt;/ul&gt;
   3555 &lt;h3 id=&#34;shoes&#34;&gt;Shoes&lt;/h3&gt;
   3556 &lt;ul&gt;
   3557 &lt;li&gt;In many restaurants, particularly more traditional ones, there are places
   3558 where you&amp;rsquo;ll need to take your shoes off. Typically these will be obvious
   3559 since they&amp;rsquo;ll have a step up from stone floor onto wood/tatami. If you&amp;rsquo;re
   3560 obviously non-Japanese, the staff will definitely let you know to take your
   3561 shoes off. Typically you&amp;rsquo;ll leave them there. The staff may place them in shoe
   3562 cabinets and return them to you when you leave.&lt;/li&gt;
   3563 &lt;li&gt;Many temples/castles may also have places where you&amp;rsquo;re asked to remove your
   3564 shoes and either place them on shelves, or in a plastic bag and carry them
   3565 with you.&lt;/li&gt;
   3566 &lt;/ul&gt;
   3567 &lt;h3 id=&#34;key-phrases-and-vocabulary&#34;&gt;Key phrases and vocabulary&lt;/h3&gt;
   3568 &lt;ul&gt;
   3569 &lt;li&gt;Ohayo gozaimasu: good morning.&lt;/li&gt;
   3570 &lt;li&gt;Konnichiwa: good afternoon.&lt;/li&gt;
   3571 &lt;li&gt;Konbanwa: good evening.&lt;/li&gt;
   3572 &lt;li&gt;X onégai shimasu: I&amp;rsquo;d like X please. (e.g. o-kaikei: the bill, koré: this)&lt;/li&gt;
   3573 &lt;li&gt;Kore wa ikura desu ka: How much is this?&lt;/li&gt;
   3574 &lt;li&gt;Arigato gozaimasu: Thank you.&lt;/li&gt;
   3575 &lt;li&gt;X wa doko desu ka: Where is X? (e.g. toiré: the toilet, éki: station)&lt;/li&gt;
   3576 &lt;/ul&gt;
   3577 &lt;h3 id=&#34;stumble-your-way-through-japanese-mannners-like-a-pro&#34;&gt;Stumble your way through Japanese mannners like a pro&lt;/h3&gt;
   3578 &lt;ul&gt;
   3579 &lt;li&gt;Chris Broad&amp;rsquo;s &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0GCuvcTI090&#34;&gt;12 things not to do in Japan&lt;/a&gt; covers almost everything
   3580 you need to know!&lt;/li&gt;
   3581 &lt;li&gt;For extra points, &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZyypaP_D6No&#34;&gt;Japanese table manners&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
   3582 &lt;/ul&gt;
   3583 </description>
   3584     </item>
   3585     
   3586   </channel>
   3587 </rss>