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1 <!doctype html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="utf-8"> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> 6 <title>Chichen Itzá, Yucatán, México - Chris Bracken</title> 7 <link href="/css/site.css" rel="stylesheet"> 8 <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png"> 9 <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/favicon/favicon-32x32.png"> 10 <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/favicon/favicon-16x16.png"> 11 <link rel="manifest" href="/favicon/site.webmanifest"> 12 <link rel="mask-icon" href="/favicon/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#140f42"> 13 <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon/favicon.ico"> 14 <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#603cba"> 15 <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/favicon/browserconfig.xml"> 16 <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> 17 </head> 18 <body> 19 <header id="header"> 20 <div class="site-title"> 21 <h1><a href="/">Chris Bracken</a></h1> 22 </div> 23 24 <nav class="site-navbar"> 25 <ul id="menu" class="menu"> 26 <li class="menu-item"><a class="menu-item-a" href="/">Home</a></li> 27 <li class="menu-item"><a class="menu-item-a" href="/about/">About</a></li> 28 <li class="menu-item"><a class="menu-item-a" href="/code/">Code</a></li> 29 <li class="menu-item"><a class="menu-item-a" rel="me"href="https://bsd.network/@cbracken">Fediverse</a></li> 30 </ul> 31 </nav> 32 </header> 33 <main id="main"> 34 <article> 35 <h2 class="post-title"><a href="https://chris.bracken.jp/2001/12/chichen-itza-yucatan-mexico/">Chichen Itzá, Yucatán, México</a></h2> 36 26 December 2001 37 <p>Somewhere on the old highway between Cancún and Mérida lies Chichen Itzá. The 38 ruins at this site cover over 15 square kilometres, with <em>El Castillo</em> alone 39 taking up 0.4 hectares. At 83 metres in length, the Ball Court is the largest 40 in Meso-America. The close proximity of the ruins to Cancún and the size of 41 some of the structures have made these the most famous Mayan ruins in the 42 country.</p> 43 <figure><img src="/post/2001-12-26-el-castillo.jpg" 44 alt="A view from the ground below the El Castillo pyramid at Chichen Itzá. Visitors climb the steep staircase leading up the centre of the face of the pyramid. A few people stand silhouetted at the top, looking down on the surrouding jungle."> 45 </figure> 46 47 <p>The image that most people associate with Chichen Itzá is <em>El Castillo</em>. The 48 pyramid rises more than 23 metres above the ground, with steep staircases up 49 all four sides, leading to a small building at the top. What’s so spectacular 50 about it is the fact that this pyramid is actually a huge Mayan calendar built 51 of stone. The four staircases leading to the top have 91 steps each, which 52 when added to the platform at the top, make 365. On the sides are 52 panels 53 representing the 52 years of the traditional Mayan calendar round. The pyramid 54 is composed of nine terraced platforms on either side of the two primary 55 staircases, for a total of 18, the number of months in the Mayan calendar. If 56 you’re still not convinced of the Mayans’ astronomical prowess, you can easily 57 convince yourself by visiting on either the spring or the fall equinox when, as 58 the sun rises over the jungle, the form of a giant serpent is projected onto 59 the sides of the two primary staircases, each of which has a giant stone 60 serpent head at its base. This illusion is created by the precise alignment of 61 the terraces in relation to position of the sun.</p> 62 <p>In a corner in the shade of one of the giant staircases leading up the side of 63 El Castillo is a door. Once or twice a day, the door is opened, and groups of 64 20 or so are allowed inside. A narrow passage leads to a steep staircase that 65 runs up the side of another pyramid inside El Castillo. It’s narrow, cramped, 66 hot and humid, not to mention dark, but the climb is worth it. Eventually, at 67 the top of the staircase, if you’re lucky or pushy enough, you can catch a 68 glimpse of a jewel-encrusted jaguar altar, used by the Maya for sacrifices.</p> 69 <figure><img src="/post/2001-12-26-ball-court.jpg" 70 alt="The ball court at Chichen Itzá. Large, perfectly flat stone walls rise above the grass. Two stone hoops protrude, one from each wall, facing sideways. A crowd of people stands at the far end of the court."> 71 </figure> 72 73 <p>The Ball Court is another feat of engineering. The walls are each approximately 74 8 metres high, with structures at the top for viewing the game. At either end 75 of the court is an elaborate stone temple. But what is so amazing about the 76 Ball Court is its acoustics. A whisper at one end can be clearly heard at the 77 other end, 135 metres away. In fact, the sound reflection at the centre of the 78 court is so incredible, you can hear at least nine echos if you clap or shout.</p> 79 <p>The following excerpt, by one of the supervising archaeologists restoring the 80 ruins, describes the acoustics:</p> 81 <blockquote> 82 <p>Chi cheen Itsa’s famous ‘Ball-court’ or Temple of the Maize cult offers the 83 visitor besides its mystery and impressive architecture, its marvellous 84 acoustics If a person standing under either ring claps his hands or yells, the 85 sound produced will be repeated several times gradually losing its volume, A 86 single revolver shot seems machine-gun fire. The sound waves travel with equal 87 force to East or West, day or night. disregarding the wind’s direction. Anyone 88 speaking in a normal voice from the ‘Forum’ can be clearly heard in the ‘Sacred 89 Tribune’ five hundred feet away or vice-versa. If a short sentence, for 90 example, ‘Do you hear me?’ is pronounced it will be repeated word by word… 91 Parties from one extreme to the other can hold a conversation without raising 92 their voices.</p> 93 <p>This transmission of sound, as yet unexplained, has been discussed by 94 architects and archaeologists … Most of them used to consider it as fanciful 95 due to the ruined conditions of the structure but, on the contrary, we who have 96 engaged in its reconstruction know well that the sound volume, instead of 97 disappearing, has become stronger and clearer… Undoubtedly we must consider 98 this feat of acoustics as another noteworthy achievement of engineering 99 realized millenniums ago by the Maya technicians.</p> 100 <p><em>—Chi Cheen Itza by Manuel Cirerol Sansores, 1947</em></p> 101 </blockquote> 102 <p>Aside from the Ball Court and <em>El Castillo</em>, there are dozens of other sites of 103 interest. There are no less than three cenotes around the site, one of which 104 was filled with tens of thousands of artifacts, from neclaces and jewelry to 105 the bones of human and animal sacrifices. The Hall of the Thousand Pillars is 106 also incredible to walk through, with each pillar featuring unique carvings and 107 inscriptions; on some, traces of red and blue paint are still visible.</p> 108 <p>The site was originally populated by the Itzáes around 500 AD, and slowly built 109 up until 900 AD, at which point it was completely abandonned. No one knows why 110 the Itzáes left so abruptly, but it appears that the city was re-populated 111 about 100 years later, and then attacked by the Toltecs, a tribe known for its 112 brutality at war. Structures from the period between 1000 and 1300 AD show 113 marked Toltec influences, including numeral reliefs of Toltec gods, including 114 Quetzalcoatl, the plumed serpent. The city was abandonned once again around 115 1300, this time permanently.</p> 116 </article> 117 </main> 118 119 <footer id="footer"> 120 <div class="copyright"> 121 <span xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#"> 122 The content of this site by 123 <a rel="cc:attributionURL" href="https://chris.bracken.jp/about"><span rel="cc:attributionName">Chris Bracken</span></a> 124 is 125 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">CC BY 4.0</a>. 126 </span> 127 </div> 128 </footer> 129 </body> 130 </html>